1. Emergent Model of Emotion Mei Yii Lim, Ruth Aylett, Christian Martyn Jones Heriot-Watt University

2. Existing Emotion Models Inspired by appraisal theory Focus on agent’s cognitive behavior Most of these models  simulate a limited picture of the links between lower-level and higher-level functionalities  Trigger expressions according to one emotion

3. High-cognitive level models OCC taxonomy – key reference in the domain of ECA  OZ Project  Affective Reasoner  VICTEC, etc Appraisal Model by Scherer

4. Low-level models Cathexis model by Velásquez Cañamero etc.

5. An Emergent Emotion Model ‘PSI’ model of emotion, by psychologist Dietrich Dörner Framework for agents Emotional modulation, perception, action-selection, planning and memory access Integrated level-bridging model of emotion

6. Continued … Emotions emerge from modulation of information processing and action selection Become apparent when agents reflect their interaction with the environment

7. Modulators Each modulators lie within a range of intensity  Resolution level  Selection threshold  Activation  Rate of updating

8. Built-in motivators Together with the modulators produce complex behavior  Level of competence  Knowledge  Urgency of motives  Importance of motive  Uncertainty level

9. Internal Structure of ‘PSI’

10. Possible advantages Adaptive agent Reflect mixture of emotions  For example, gradual change of emotional expression  More colour and variation to the type of emotions that can be experienced

11. Sample Implementation The Island Game

12. Questions???