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TEAM COMPETITION A Review for the TEST over Unit 3a: The Structures and Functions of DNA and RNA
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1 point round
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TRUE or FALSE: Short strands of DNA are contained in the chromosomes inside the nucleus of a cell
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FALSE – long strands of DNA make up chromosomes
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TRUE or FALSE: Every DNA nucleotide contains a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base
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TRUE: DNA consists of two strands of nucleotides joined by hydrogen bonds
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TRUE or FALSE: The long strands of nucleotides are twisted into a double helix in both DNA and RNA
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FALSE – only in DNA do you see a double helix
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Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of _____________
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nucleotides
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What name is given to the entire molecule shown in the diagram?
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nucleotide
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2 point round
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The amount of guanine in an organism always equals the amount of ___________
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cytosine
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Finish this analogous relationship: adenine : thymine :: _____: _____
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guanine : cytosine
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Which enzyme helps to join nucleotides to form a complementary strand of DNA?
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DNA polymerase
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TRUE or FALSE: Complete DNA replication must occur before a cell can divide
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TRUE – you need two identical DNA molecules to make two identical cells
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TRUE or FALSE: In DNA replication, two complementary strands are duplicated.
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False – only one complementary strand is created
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3 point round
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TRUE or FALSE: In DNA replication, the double strand unwinds and unzips while it is being duplicated
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True – replication occurs along the DNA as it unzips
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TRUE or FALSE: The DNA replication process is aided by enzymes called DNA mutagens
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False – polymerase, helicase, and ligase help duplicate the DNA molecule
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Which enzyme is responsible for joining nucleotides to the exposed DNA template bases ?
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polymerases
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TRUE or FALSE: RNA differs from DNA in that RNA is single-stranded
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True
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TRUE or FALSE: RNA differs from DNA in that RNA contains a different sugar
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True – RNA contains the sugar ribose
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4 point round
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TRUE or FALSE: RNA differs from DNA in that RNA contains the nitrogen base thymine
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False – RNA contains the nitrogen bases adenine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine
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Which nitrogen base is NOT found in DNA?
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uracil
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Which nitrogen base is only found in DNA?
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thymine
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DNA is chemically similar to RNA except that its sugars have lost a(n) __________ atom
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oxygen
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RNA is chemical similar to DNA except that the base thymine is replaced by the base called ___________.
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uracil
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5 point round
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The function of rRNA is to help join _______________ together in the ribosome.
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amino acids
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Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid is called a(n) ________
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codon
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DNA is copied by mRNA during the process known as ________________
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transcription
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A strand of mRNA carries the code CUC AAG UGC UUC. After checking the chart shown next, decide which four amino acids, in order, are coded for by this piece of mRNA?
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Glu – Phe – Thr – Lys
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In order for translation to occur, mRNA must migrate to a ______________ in the cytoplasm
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ribosome
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6 point round
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Which type of RNA carries an amino acid to its correct codon within the ribosome?
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transfer RNA (tRNA)
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During which process does the amino acid detach from the tRNA and attach to the end of a growing protein?
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translation
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During which process does the tRNA anticodon bind to the mRNA codon?
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translation
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The assembly of proteins in a cell takes place in the ________________
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ribosomes
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Proteins are long chains (polymers) made up of ________________.
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amino acids
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7 point round
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Along the center of a DNA molecule, the nitrogen bases C-G and A-T are held together by weak _________ bonds
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hydrogen
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Which researcher determined that C ytosine will always bond with G uanine and that A denine will bond with either t hymine in DNA or u racil in RNA?
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Chargaff
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Which researcher used X-ray diffraction and mathematical reasoning to determine the shape of the DNA molecule?
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Franklin
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Which two researchers built the first three dimensional model of the DNA molecule (must give both names)?
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Watson and Crick
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TRUE or FALSE: A characteristic of RNA is that it remains with the chromosomes in the nucleus
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False – mRNA can travel back & forth between nucleus and cytoplasm
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8 point round
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A characteristic of RNA is that it is involved in translating information in DNA into carbohydrates.
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False – RNA translates DNA into amino acids and proteins
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The DNA of an organism contains information that is used to sequence amino acids to form specific proteins. The existence of different organisms with very similar amino acid sequences is evidence of _____________
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a common ancestor
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In what 3-step order is genetic information transformed to make a protein?
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DNA RNA protein
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Athletes are often concerned with the question of how much protein they need in their diets because of the requirement of growing muscles for protein. Just as muscles need the basic building block of protein, protein itself has basic building blocks also. What are the basic building blocks of protein?
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amino acids
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Which diagram (A-D) from the next four slides is the best representation of a DNA molecule?
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D
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FREAKY BEAST CHALLENGE!
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The category is Human Genome Project Decide how much your team is willing to bet. Write it on the card and hand it back to the teacher. Get ready for the final challenge question!
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The 23 chromosomes in a human cell contain roughly 25,000 genes. How many nucleotides does it take to make this many genes?
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It takes 3 Billion nucleotides (that’s right… all that A, T, C, and G stuff) to make your DNA fingerprint.
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