1. TEAM COMPETITION A Review for the TEST over Unit 3a: The Structures and Functions of DNA and RNA

2. 1 point round

3. TRUE or FALSE: Short strands of DNA are contained in the chromosomes inside the nucleus of a cell

4. FALSE – long strands of DNA make up chromosomes

5. TRUE or FALSE: Every DNA nucleotide contains a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base

6. TRUE: DNA consists of two strands of nucleotides joined by hydrogen bonds

7. TRUE or FALSE: The long strands of nucleotides are twisted into a double helix in both DNA and RNA

8. FALSE – only in DNA do you see a double helix

9. Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of _____________

10. nucleotides

11. What name is given to the entire molecule shown in the diagram?

12. nucleotide

13. 2 point round

14. The amount of guanine in an organism always equals the amount of ___________

15. cytosine

16. Finish this analogous relationship: adenine : thymine :: _____: _____

17. guanine : cytosine

18. Which enzyme helps to join nucleotides to form a complementary strand of DNA?

19. DNA polymerase

20. TRUE or FALSE: Complete DNA replication must occur before a cell can divide

21. TRUE – you need two identical DNA molecules to make two identical cells

22. TRUE or FALSE: In DNA replication, two complementary strands are duplicated.

23. False – only one complementary strand is created

24. 3 point round

25. TRUE or FALSE: In DNA replication, the double strand unwinds and unzips while it is being duplicated

26. True – replication occurs along the DNA as it unzips

27. TRUE or FALSE: The DNA replication process is aided by enzymes called DNA mutagens

28. False – polymerase, helicase, and ligase help duplicate the DNA molecule

29. Which enzyme is responsible for joining nucleotides to the exposed DNA template bases ?

30. polymerases

31. TRUE or FALSE: RNA differs from DNA in that RNA is single-stranded

32. True

33. TRUE or FALSE: RNA differs from DNA in that RNA contains a different sugar

34. True – RNA contains the sugar ribose

35. 4 point round

36. TRUE or FALSE: RNA differs from DNA in that RNA contains the nitrogen base thymine

37. False – RNA contains the nitrogen bases adenine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine

38. Which nitrogen base is NOT found in DNA?

39. uracil

40. Which nitrogen base is only found in DNA?

41. thymine

42. DNA is chemically similar to RNA except that its sugars have lost a(n) __________ atom

43. oxygen

44. RNA is chemical similar to DNA except that the base thymine is replaced by the base called ___________.

45. uracil

46. 5 point round

47. The function of rRNA is to help join _______________ together in the ribosome.

48. amino acids

49. Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid is called a(n) ________

50. codon

51. DNA is copied by mRNA during the process known as ________________

52. transcription

53. A strand of mRNA carries the code CUC AAG UGC UUC. After checking the chart shown next, decide which four amino acids, in order, are coded for by this piece of mRNA?

55. Glu – Phe – Thr – Lys

56. In order for translation to occur, mRNA must migrate to a ______________ in the cytoplasm

57. ribosome

58. 6 point round

59. Which type of RNA carries an amino acid to its correct codon within the ribosome?

60. transfer RNA (tRNA)

61. During which process does the amino acid detach from the tRNA and attach to the end of a growing protein?

62. translation

63. During which process does the tRNA anticodon bind to the mRNA codon?

64. translation

65. The assembly of proteins in a cell takes place in the ________________

66. ribosomes

67. Proteins are long chains (polymers) made up of ________________.

68. amino acids

69. 7 point round

70. Along the center of a DNA molecule, the nitrogen bases C-G and A-T are held together by weak _________ bonds

71. hydrogen

72. Which researcher determined that C ytosine will always bond with G uanine and that A denine will bond with either t hymine in DNA or u racil in RNA?

73. Chargaff

74. Which researcher used X-ray diffraction and mathematical reasoning to determine the shape of the DNA molecule?

75. Franklin

76. Which two researchers built the first three dimensional model of the DNA molecule (must give both names)?

77. Watson and Crick

78. TRUE or FALSE: A characteristic of RNA is that it remains with the chromosomes in the nucleus

79. False – mRNA can travel back & forth between nucleus and cytoplasm

80. 8 point round

81. A characteristic of RNA is that it is involved in translating information in DNA into carbohydrates.

82. False – RNA translates DNA into amino acids and proteins

83. The DNA of an organism contains information that is used to sequence amino acids to form specific proteins. The existence of different organisms with very similar amino acid sequences is evidence of _____________

84. a common ancestor

85. In what 3-step order is genetic information transformed to make a protein?

86. DNA  RNA  protein

87. Athletes are often concerned with the question of how much protein they need in their diets because of the requirement of growing muscles for protein. Just as muscles need the basic building block of protein, protein itself has basic building blocks also. What are the basic building blocks of protein?

88. amino acids

89. Which diagram (A-D) from the next four slides is the best representation of a DNA molecule?

94. D

95. FREAKY BEAST CHALLENGE!

96. The category is Human Genome Project Decide how much your team is willing to bet. Write it on the card and hand it back to the teacher. Get ready for the final challenge question!

97. The 23 chromosomes in a human cell contain roughly 25,000 genes. How many nucleotides does it take to make this many genes?

98. It takes 3 Billion nucleotides (that’s right… all that A, T, C, and G stuff) to make your DNA fingerprint.