1. 1. The basic building blocks of DNA are
Amino acids
Glucose
Nucleotides
fructose

2. 2. Each DNA nucleotide is composed of three parts
2. Each DNA nucleotide is composed of three parts. Identify which of the following is NOT part of a DNA nucleotide.
A glucose sugar
A phosphate group
A nitrogen base
Deoxyribose sugar

3. 3. Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine and Thymine are the four possible __________ for a DNA nucleotide.
pentose (five carbon) sugars
phosphate groups
nitrogenous bases

5. 4. The nucleotides in a DNA molecule are arranged in a double strand with bonds between _______________ forming the “rungs” that connect the two strands.
pairs of nitrogenous bases
pairs of sugars
pairs of phosphate groups
a sugar molecule and a phosphate group

6. 5. The bonds between the pair of nitrogenous bases are
stronger covalent bond that keeps the two strand permanently attached
weaker hydrogen bonds that allow the two strands to be separated
ionic bonds that allow a transfer of current along the molecule

8. The two strands are separated when DNA is replicated, as well as when mRNA copies are made for protein synthesis.

9. 6. Which of the following is a correct about how the nitrogenous base adenine pairs in a DNA molecule. Adenine always pairs with
Cytosine
Thymine
Guanine
Deoxyribose

10. Adenine with Thymine
Cytosine with Guanine

11. 7. If one strand of a DNA molecule is ACATGG, the other strand will be
CTCGAA
TGTACC
GTGCAA
ACATGG

12. 8. If the nitrogenous bases in the DNA of a species of monkey is 21% adenine, what would be the percentage of nitrogenous bases that are guanine?
58%
42%
29%
21%
10.5%

13. A = T If 21% A, also 21% T. This is 42 % of the nitrogenous bases for this species. 58% = C + G Since C = G, 29% G

14. 9. DNA must be accurately replicated each time the cell is preparing to divide so that each daughter cell has an identical copy of all of the genetic information. What characteristic of the DNA’s structure is most important in allowing it to be accurately copied.
The shape of the deoxyribose sugar
The complementary pairing of nitrogenous bases in the “rungs”
The sugar-phosphate backbone
The shape of the phosphate

15. The two strands of the DNA molecule are separated as it is being replicated.
Each strand serves as a template for the new strand.
Since A always is paired with T and C always paired with G, it can be accurately replicated.

18. 10. Which enzyme unwinds the DNA and separates the two strands during DNA replication?
Helicase
DNA polymerase
RNA polymerase
Catalase

19. Helicase unwinds the DNA double helix

20. 11. The role of the enzyme DNA polymerase is to
Unwind the DNA double helix
Add complementary nucleotides
Repair the sugar-phosphate backbone
Break the hydrogen bonds between nucleotides

21. DNA Polymerase (III) is the enzyme that synthesizes the new DNA molecule by adding complementary nucleotides.
Complementary nucleotides means that a nucleotide with the nitrogenous base adenine on the parent strand is paired with a nucleotide with the nitrogenous base thymine(and vice versa). Likewise cytosine nucleotides are paired with guanine nucleotides .
To remember the role of DNA polymerase, recall that a polymer means a chain of building block pieces. DNA is a polymer of nucleotides. So the role of DNA polymerase is to build the DNA polymer by adding nucleotides.

22. 12. Each gene is the information to build one protein (or polypeptide chain in a protein). What are the two steps in producing the protein?
Replication and Transcription
Replications and Translation
Transcription and Translation
Transcription and Mutation
Translation and Mutation

23. 13. The purpose of transcription is to
Produce an mRNA copy of a gene
Produce tRNA’s
Add the correct amino acids to produce a protein
Assembly the rRNA into the ribosomal subunits

24. 14. The purpose of translation is to
Produce an mRNA copy of the gene
Produce tRNA’s
Add the correct amino acids to produce a protein
Assembly the rRNA into the ribosomal subunits

26. 15. Which of the following is NOT a correct difference between DNA and RNA
DNA is composed of 2 strands, RNA is a single strand
DNA is a chain of nucleotides, RNA is a chain of amino acids
DNA uses the nitrogen base thymine, RNA uses the nitrogen base uracil
DNA uses the sugar deoxyribose, RNA uses the sugar ribose

27. Both DNA and RNA are chains of nucleotides, which have a sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base.
Sugar is ribose for RNA , deoxyribose for DNA
Uracil is used in place of Thymine as nitrogenous base that pairs with Adenine
DNA is a double helix (2 strands), while RNA is a single-stranded copy.

28. 16. If the DNA sequence for a gene being transcribed is ATGCTA, the mRNA that is produced will have the sequence
TACGAT
AUCGUA
UACGAU
UAGCUA
TAGCAT
ATCGTA

30. C A B
15. B
16. C