1. Presentation made by: sakura023
Biotechnology
Presentation made by: sakura023

2. Biotechnology Bio- life; living organisms; tissues
Technology- improves quality scientific method of achieving a practical purpose
Biotechnology- any technique that uses living organisms or substance from organism to:
Make or modify a product
Improve plants or animals
Develop microorganisms for specific uses

3. Application of Biotechnology
Production of new and improved foods
Industrial chemicals
Pharmaceuticals
Livestock/farm animals (chicken, cows, cattle)
Diagnostic for detesting diseases
Therapies that use genes to cure diseases
Recombinant vaccines
two types of DNA’s

4. How does Biotechnology work?
Allows scientist to look close at genes and make improvements with them
Gregor Mendel- was the one of the first people to study how traits are passed from parents to the young
Allows for a scientist to study:
How plants grow and how they react to environment

5. Biotechnology help the health of the earth and people by:
Grow more food
Protect the environment
Grow more nutritious food

6. Field of Science that deals with Biotechnology
Genetic engineering
Computer science
Biochemistry
Microbiology
Physiology
Cell and Molecular Biology

8. Biotechnology- has long history. - humans have been using
Biotechnology- has long history humans have been using organisms for century Example:
Domestication of animals
Fermentation of some yeast
Breakdown of sugars and produce alcohol/ CO2
Selective breeding of plants and animals
Gene cloning
Genetic engineering and recombinant DNA

9. Three Eras of Biotechnology

10. Ancient Biotechnology- start if fermentation
Ancient Biotechnology- start if fermentation - early history as related to food and includes domestication
Classical Biotechnology - built on ancient biotechnology Fermentation promoted food medicine
Modern Biotechnology – manipulates genetic information in organisms, genetic engineering

11. Ancient Biotechnology
Paleolithic period – people live in mobile camps and survive by hunting
years ago , establishment of agrarian society involvement of agriculture
6 000 years ago, early farmers arrived with crops and plants

12. Ancient Biotechnology
Nikolas I. Vavilov  identified 8 primary center of origin of plants  collected and catalogued thousands of plants and animals
Bread- one of the earliest food
Bread, wine, cheese, beer, yogurt- were produced by fermentation

13. Ancient Biotechnology
4 000 B.C., Chinese use lactic acid producing bacteria for making yogurt, mold for cheese and acetic acid for wine vinegar
6 000 B.C. – B.C., - beer making started in Egypt and wine is accidentally made.

14. Classical Biotechnology
1700s – large production of alcohol
1833 – introduction of the bottom fermentation—a process in which the yeast remains at the bottom of the vat
– expansion of commercial fermentation - antibiotics (penicillin) were produced primarily because of World War

15. Classical Biotechnology
1950s – biotransformation technology—convert cholesterol to other steroids
1960s – microbial cells were being produced on a large scale as a source of protein

16. Modern Biotechnology 1590 – Zacharias Janssen- compound microscope
1838 – Matthias Schleiden- development cell theory -all living plant tissue was composed of cell
1858 – refined cell theory by Rudolf Virchow “all cells arise from cells” and that cell is the basic unit of life

17. Individuals Who Contributed in Biotechnology

18. Individuals Who Contributed in Biotechnology
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek -
-Discovered cell
-Bacteria
-Protists
-Red blood cells in 1680
Gregor John Mendel – discovered genetics

19. Individuals Who Contributed in Biotechnology
Walter Sutton – discovered chromosomes
Thomas Hunt Morgan – discovered how genetics are transmitted through chromosomes
Ernst Ruska – invented electron microscope
Sir Alexander Fleming – discovered penicillin

20. Individuals Who Contributed in Biotechnology
Rosalind Elsie Franklin – research led to discovery of the double helix structure of DNA
James Watson and Francis Crick – discovered DNA
Mary-Claire King – mapped human genes for research of cancer treatments
Ian Wilmut – created the first truw clone, the Dorset ewe, DOLLY

21. 4 Branches of Biotechnology
1. Medical Biotechnology (Red Biotechnology)
Applied to medical processes like the use of organisms for the production of drugs or antibiotics
2. Plant Biotechnology (Agriculture or Green Biotechnology)
Goal is to expand more environment friendly solution

22. 3. Industrial Biotechnology (White & Gray Biotechnology) - Organisms are modified/ designed and used for various purposes, like production of the new chemicals; production of plastic substitutes (biopolymers); development of new kinds of vehicle fuels and fibers for clothing

23. 4. Marine Biotechnology (Aquatic or Blue Biotechnology)
Includes processes in aquatic processes like unwanted growth of noxious water born organisms
Relatively rare