1. Pathogenic, Deficiency, Hereditary and Physiological Diseases
Lesson 3
Unit: Diseases
Mrs. Kalicharan

2. What is the scenario here?

3. There are different types

4. What is a disease?
A disease is a condition in which the health of an organism is impaired.
Health is defined as the complete physical, mental and social wellbeing.
A proper diet and adequate exercise are important to good health.

5. There are four types of diseases
Pathogenic diseases
Deficiency diseases
Hereditary diseases
Physiological diseases

6. Pathogenic Diseases
This caused by parasitic organisms (pathogens) like viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and worms.
Examples: malaria, tuberculosis, cholera and influenza

7. Influenza
Cause:
Virus (pathogen) invades the body by contact with infected person.
It is airborne or droplet borne.
Symptoms:
Headache, sore throat,
muscular pains, fever

8. Influenza Treatment: Rest and treatment for the symptoms.
Vaccine for specific strains of the virus.
Control:
Prevent over- crowding and exposure to the virus.
Prevent droplet infection through coughs, sneezes, etc.

9. Deficiency Diseases
This is causes by a shortage of a nutrient (e.g. vitamin, mineral) in diet.
Examples: Kwashiorkor (protein), night- blindness (vitamin A), iron- deficiency anaemia (iron).

10. Iron- deficiency anaemia
Cause:
Deficiency of iron causes a reduction in the number of red blood cells which reduces the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood. This is because iron is an integral part of the structure of haemoglobin in red blood cells.
Symptoms:
Weakness, fatigue, shortness of breath, increased of heartbeat, pale appearance.

11. Iron- deficiency anaemia
Treatment:
Eat iron rich foods e.g. red meat, green leafy vegetables
Take iron tablets.
Control:
Education about a balanced diet, food groups, etc.

12. Hereditary Diseases
This is caused by genes passed on from one generation to the next.
Examples: haemophilia, cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anaemia.

13. Sickle cell anaemia Cause:
Gene for the disease is passed to the offspring.
The gene causes the red blood cells to be sickle shaped which reduces oxygen- carrying ability.
Symptoms:
Weakness, tiredness, weight loss, may lead to kidney failure, heart failure.

14. Sickle cell anaemia Treatment:
Avoid situations where oxygen supply is reduced.
No treatment or cure available.
Control:
Genetic counselling

15. Physiological Diseases
This is caused by a malfunction of the body’s organ.
Examples: asthma, hypertension, diabetes, glaucoma and stroke

16. Diabetes
Cause:
Inability of the islet of Langerhans to produce insulin.
Body cells are unable to absorb glucose which stays in the blood.
Symptoms:
Tiredness, continual thirst,
weight loss, increased
urination, coma.

17. Diabetes Treatment: Insulin injection/ tablet
Low carbohydrate diet, exercise
Control:
Education on the importance of diet and exercise.