1. Quality creates value 1 Emerging Technologies For Geotextiles(Geosynthetics)

2. Quality creates value 2 Technical Textiles

3. Quality creates value 3 Global market scenario for geosynthetics  Global market has grown to US$ 3000 Million in 2009  Global growth of geosyntethics is estimated by 5%  Geosyntethics account for 0,8% of the total technical textile segment India  Geotextiles market is approx. RS. 226 crores  Rs. 105 crores imported production  RS. 121 crores domestic production  expected growth is 12%, on long term up to 20%

4. Quality creates value 4 Geosynthetics  Geosynthetics is a generic term that is used to describe a product with at least one component manufactured of synthetic or natural polymer,for use with soil, rock or other materials used in public works projects.  Types of geosynthetics  Geogrid  Geotextile  Geocomposite

5. Quality creates value 5 Geosynthetics - Functions  Reinforcement-Improving mechanical properties of soil  Separation-Long term functionality of all structural layers is provided by the use of geosynthetic material between two dissimilar geotechnical materials to prevent mixing.  (Such requirement is there for roads & railways)  Erosion control-To prevent the surface erosion of soil particles because of water/wind forces.

6. Quality creates value 6 Geosynthetics - Applications Reinforcement - Basal Reinforcement/Ground stabilisation--Use of geosynthetic material for improvement of load bearing capacity.Geosynhetic materials are utilised to balance eneven settling,absorb loading forces & reduce the thickness of expensive coarse grained material. Supporting structures-Retaining walls & Bridge Abutments –While constructing supporting structures or steep embankments of soil, shear strength of which would be exceeded in normal circumstances. It is possible to achieve the required safety using horizontal reinforcement of embankment layers with geosynthetic material(geogrid or geotextile) The face wall can be made of Concrete elements ( prefabricated blocks, panels). It can also be made as a Soft Face ( by wrapped-around method). Asphalt reinforcement-Asphalt layers have low strength,Glassgrids or geocomposites are used to increase the strength of the asphalt layer & ensure its uniform distribution in larger areas. They prevent formation & sprading of reflex cracks by absorption of shear forces.

7. Quality creates value 7 Geogrid  GEOGRIDS are geosynthetics formed by a regular network of integrally connected elements with apertures greater than 10mm to 100mm to allow interlocking with surrounding soil, rock, earth and other surrounding materials to function primarily as reinforcement

8. Quality creates value 8 Geogrids: woven grids for the use in roads, dams, railways… A wide spectrum of manmade fibers and natural fibers

9. Quality creates value 9 Geogrids - Functions 1.Soil reinforcement They are used primarily for soil reinforcement. Their strength can be greater than the more common geotextiles. Geogrids have a low strain and stretch only about 2 to 5% under load. The most important characteristics of geogrids are high water drainage combined with exceptional mechanical strength and long term creep resistance. 2.Soil stabilization

10. Quality creates value 10 Geogrids - Applications  Soil reinforcements in embankments and walls  Subgrade stabilization

11. Quality creates value 11 Uniaxial Geogrids - Applications segmental block retaining walls, slope reinforcement, pile cap platforms and base reinforcement applications such as roads, car parks and rail line construction. Biaxial Geogrids - Applications Equipped with dual directional strength combined with the interlocking system, Merex BL products are specially designed for foundation applications.

12. Quality creates value 12 Biaxial Geogrid – Sub-grade Stabilisation Geogrids - Applications

13. Quality creates value 13 Biaxial Geogrid – Ground Improvement for Tank Foundation Geogrids - Applications

14. Quality creates value 14 Geogrids are open mesh but also closed constructions

15. Quality creates value 15 Biaxial Geogrid – Installation of Geogrid at balast level Geogrids - Applications

16. Quality creates value 16 Glassgrid-A type of Geogrid The GlassGrid® Pavement Reinforcement System provides additional support to resist the migration of reflective cracks in pavement structures. Cracks migrate toward surface in unreinforced overlay. Cracks are redirected in GlassGrid reinforced overlay.

17. Quality creates value 17 Glassgrid  Glassgrid is an exceptionally strong reinforcing material specially developed for pavements.  It consists of glass fibre strands arranged in a grid structure and covered with a polymer coating and a pressure sensitive adhesive.  Each strand has a remarkably high tensile strength and high modulus of elasticity at low elongation.  This combination of outstanding tensile strength and high modulus makes Glasgrid actually stronger than steel.

18. Quality creates value 18 Geotextile  Geotextiles form one of the two largest group of Geosynthetics.  They are textiles in the traditional sense, but consist of natural fibers like jute, coir or synthetic fibers depending on the requirement, mainly whether biodegradation is desired or not.  These are fabric or cloth-like materials that are classified based on the method used to manufacture the fabric: either woven or non-woven.

19. Quality creates value 19 Geotextile - types Woven monofilament

20. Quality creates value 20 Geotextile - types Woven multifilament

21. Quality creates value 21 Geotextile - types Woven Slit film

22. Quality creates value 22 Geotextile Woven Geotextile:  Woven construction produces geotextiles with high strengths and moduli in the warp and fill directions and low elongations at rupture.  Woven construction produces geotextiles with a simple pore structure and narrow range of pore sizes or openings between fibers.  Woven geotextiles are commonly plain woven, but are sometimes made by twill weave or leno weave (a very open type of weave).  Woven geotextiles can be composed of monofilaments or multifilament yarns made up of PE,PVA,PP or natural textile material.

23. Quality creates value 23 Geotextiles: Mass per unit area - Fabric in comparison with nonwovens Tensile strength kN/m Mass per unit area g/m² up to 5x higher Source: material report Hochschule Rapperswil

24. Quality creates value 24 Geotextiles: Elongation - Fabric in comparison with nonwovens Mass per unit area of 200 g/m² Fabric Thermally bonded nonwoven PP Needle punched nonwoven PES Needle punched nonwoven PP Elongation % Tensile strength kN/m Source: material report Hochschule Rapperswil

25. Quality creates value 25 Geotextile - Applications Separation Reinforcement

26. Quality creates value 26 Geotubes -Main Applications  Dewatering solutions  Geotubes used in artificial Island projects  Shoreline (Coastal) protection

27. Quality creates value 27 Geotubes  Dewatering Solution

28. Quality creates value 14 DORNIER weaving machines can contribute to an efficient production of various types of geosynthetics.

29. Quality creates value 29 Geogrids in closed and open constructions...... used for geotextile and agriculture purposes

30. Quality creates value 30..offers stress- free insertion for all kinds of yarns Online coating procedure on DORNIER rapier machines

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32. Quality creates value 32 Positive weft yarn handling through the entire weft insertion

33. Quality creates value 33 No guiding elements in the shed

34. Quality creates value 34 Open shed insertion system DORNIER unique open shed insertion guarantees equal weft tension over the full fabric width, minimum friction between warp and weft

35. Quality creates value 35 Main parameters for Geogrids material tensile strength mesh size PP, PES, Glass, Jute, … 40 – 400 kN/m and more 10x10 mm 19x28 mm 31x31 mm …

36. Quality creates value 36 Example for Geogrid-Specification material tensile strength mesh size

37. Quality creates value 37 Example for Geogrid-Construction Mesh size 20 x 20 mm Web size in warp direction Web size in weft direction x mm Web size is not fixed in specification!

38. Quality creates value 38 Example for Geogrid-Calculation 1. Requested tensile strength of e.g. 109 kN/m 2. Requested textile type PET (Polyester high tenacity) 3. Search for fiber type with high tensile strength e.g. 82.5 cN/tex 4. Search for standard yarn-types with parameters e.g. 1100 dtex2200 dtex 5. Evaluation of the yarn tensile strength e.g. 0.088 kN 0.176 kN 6. Evaluation of number of threads e.g 1239619 7. Addition of 10% more threads for loss in production1362681 8. Requested mesh size of e.g. 20 x 20 mm 9. Preestimated width of the web size9 mm6 mm 10. Evaluation of number of meshes per meter here e.g.3438 11. Evaluation of number of threads per mesh here e.g.2714 12. Evaluation of the yarn-diameter here e.g.0.337 mm0.477 mm 13. Exspected Web-size in warp-direction here e.g.9.1 mm6.7 mm 14. With different patterns the web size can be influenced End of the first run! Second run! Pos. 9 - 13 Adjustment of the proportion of mesh-size and web-size.

39. Quality creates value 39 Geogrid-Construction Mesh size 20 x 20 mm Web size in warp direction Web size in weft direction 7 mm 6 mm Tolerance in mesh size +/- 3 mm 14 weft threads in double weft insertion (7 picks) 14 warp threads

40. Quality creates value 40 Geogrid made with Leno face sidereverse side leno thread

41. Quality creates value 41 Online coating procedure on DORNIER rapier machines

42. Quality creates value 42 Coating-material as online coating is required in most cases  PVC  Bitumen  Latex  Plastisol  Silicon

43. Quality creates value 43 Glass fabric woven on DORNIER rapier or airjet machines

44. Quality creates value 44 Reinforcements for facades – Glass roving 68 to 600 tex

45. Quality creates value 45 Today and furture markets / building industry Reinforcement of concrete support structures with carbon grid fabrics and UD structures  reinforcement and repair of concrete components silos / tanks bridges / highway lanes tunnels / tubes  Delicate structures and elements of facades  Vibration damping  Explosion protection / earthquake protection

46. Quality creates value 46 Composition of glass yarn fabrics...... used as wall paper - fireresistand

47. Quality creates value Producers: Hüsker (D) Propex (D) Synteen/Lückenhaus (D) Edilfloor (I) Low & Bonar (GB) (MehlerTexnologies gehört L&B) TenCate (NL) Kordarna (CZ) Stradom (PL) 47

48. Quality creates value 48 DORNIER weaving machines are the most reliable instruments having the widest potential for the production of technical fabrics

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