1. Changes in the UK Visa and Immigration Rules after the 9/11 Event – Effects on non-EU Nationals Presented by: Supervisor:

2. Objectives  Introduce general content of the paper  Report the results of the paper  Find out the positive and negative effects of the changes on the British society

3. Contents I.Background information II.The study III.Consequences

4. Background information The 9/11 event  The most terrible terror attack on America  Twin Towers, Pentagon destroyed  About 3,000 people killed

5. Background information Impacts of the 9/11 event on the UK’s immigration policy  Alarm of Terrorism in all the world  Tightening the security policies  Immigrants as terror-threats: Non-EU nationals in the UK Changes in Immigration policy

6. Background information Methodology  Existing information and Content analysis

7. Contents I.Background information II.The study III.Consequences

8. The study 1.Changes of the UK Visa and Immigration rules 2.Effects of the UK Visa and Immigration policy changes on non-EU nationals 3.Analysis of the change core

9. Changes of the UK Visa and Immigration rules  Changes before September 11 2001  Changes after September 11 2001

10. Changes before September 11 2001  After World War II: two contrasting trends:  1950s - 1970s: limitation of immigrants - integration in British society.  1979 – 1997: conservative era – asylum-seekers Limitation of immigrants from non-EU nations Free movement of people from the UK and the EU

11. Changes after September 11 2001 Source: bbc news

12. Changes after September 11 2001  Internal changes  External changes

13. Internal changes  Identity management  Increased employer compliance  More public service compliance  Regularization

14. External changes  Points-Based System (PBS)  UK Border Agency (UKBA)

15. Points-Based System  Tier 1: High skilled individuals.  Tier 2: Skilled workers.  Tier 3: Low skill workers.  Tier 4: Students.  Tier 5: Youth mobility and temporary workers.

16. UK Border Agency On 3 April 2008 Source: UK Border Agency

17. UK Border Agency  3 strategic objectives  10 key changes Controlling the immigration and protecting from crime.

18. Effects of the UK Visa and Immigration policy changes on non-EU nationals Major changes Non-EU students Non-EU labours Non-EU dependents Asylum seekers Reduction of non-EU net immigration

19. Non-EU Students  Key changes  New requirement for education providers  Tier 1 (post study work visa) to a form of Tier 2  English language skill & financial maintenance  Working fewer hours

20. Non-EU labours  Key changes  Annual cap on non-EU workers: Intra-Company transfers (ICTs)  Minimum income for ICTs  Higher English skill requirement  Closure of Tier 1 (Post study work) replaced with Exceptional talent route

21. Non-EU dependents  Key changes  Cap on nuclear families  Standard of English skill for non-EU nationals  Minimum income for sponsors

22. Asylum seekers Source: http://www.gov.uk

23. Analysis the core of the changes  Job issue  Political issue  Housing issue

24. Analysis the core of the changes Job issue  Attitude of the British Result of the British Attitude Survey in 2014 Source: http://www.independent.co.uk

25. Analysis the core of the changes Job issue Percentage of the UK and immigrant population holding university degrees Source: The Fiscal Effects of Immigration to the UK

26. Analysis the core of the changes Job issue  Government: - Passed and gradually carried out immigration bills and policies. - After the 9/11 event, gave out the goal of security & anti-terrorism to cut sharply immigrants.  The root purpose: unemployment reduction in British workers. Source: http://ivarfjeld.com

27. Analysis the core of the changes Political issue Founded in 1993  An extreme young political party. Now, receiving much more British supports thanks to immigration cutting plans. Source: https://www.british-history.ac.uk

28. Analysis the core of the changes Political issue  Coaliation government: failed to meet the target of cutting immigrants to “ten thousands” => face difficulty in gaining British voters. => Membership of the Conservatives, the Labour and the Liberal FALL The UKIP’s membership INCREASE

29. Analysis the core of the changes Housing issue - The estimated number of new immigrants: about 65,000 people/year. - In fact, above 172,000 new migrants. => Housing crisis - 1.5 million new houses (30%) of total new houses: required by immigration over the next 20 years.

30. Contents I.Background information II.The study III.Consequences

31. Consequences Positive Effects  Unemployment reduction  Selecting the brightest and the best Negative Effects  Economic impact  The UK reputation

32. Consequences Positive Effects  Unemployment reduction In 1997, 3 in 4 jobs in Britain: for immigrants. In 2012, 65% new jobs: for Britons. From Oct to Dec 2012, extra 197,000 Britons found full-time jobs. => a successful sign for the government’s effort.

33. Consequences Positive Effects  Selecting the brightest and the best “Transformation of immigration policy” will leave room for only “the brightest and best”. Damian Green _ Immigration Minister Source: http://www.dailymail.co.uk

34. Consequences Positive Effects Year 20062007200820092010201120122013 United Kingdom 35793291308531734299429252115806 Number of patents in the UK 2006 - 2013 Source: http://www.uspto.gov

35. Consequences Negative Effects  Economic impact Immigrants = 8% the UK population: 10% GDP. The new arrivals: £25bn. Overseas students: worth £5bn per year. : worth £16.9 billion by 2025.

36. Consequences Negative Effects  The UK reputation The UK: an ideal country for immigrants Discrimination towards migrants: Foreign students: 52%: a negative impression on immigration cutting. 20%: “isolated” feeling.

37. Conclusion  The core of the changes  The positive and negative changes

38. References  Adamson, F. (2006). Crossing Borders: International Migration and National Security (Vol. 31). Cambridge: The MIT Press.  Barrow, B. (2013, February 20th). At last, most new jobs are filled by British workers thanks to stricter immigration policies. Retrieved March 5, 2014, from Mail Online: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2282007/At-new-jobs- filled-British-workers-thanks-stricter-immigration-policies.html  Center for Economic Performance. (2012). Immigration and the UK Labour Market: The latest evidence from economic research. London: London School of Economics & Political Science.

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