1. I MPACT OF O IL S PILL ON A NIMALS & H UMANS Done by: Gina Kaderi and Nay Khalil Subject: English Presented to: Grade 7 “A” Students and Mrs. Hoda

2. O UTLINE Introduction; What is an Oil Spill? Some Causes of Oil spill Biggest Oil Spills Ever Impact on Animals Impact on Humans Conclusion References

3. I NTRODUCTION ; W HAT IS AN O IL S PILL ?  Oil spill, a disastrous phenomenon, is a result of several accidents.  Over a long period of time, oil spills may: Become buried in remains. Evaporate into the atmosphere. Be broken down into other chemicals by bacteria, sunlight, and wave action.

4. S OME C AUSES OF O IL S PILLS Oil is commonly transported by tankers and pipelines each of which has its own fault that can lead to an oil spill. Tankers can crash or run into unexpected land that causes a hole which allows oil to escape. It may happen during the transport of oil across oceans. Human mistakes as well as equipment malfunction can cause oil spills.

5. BIGGEST OIL SPILLS E VER Amoco Cadiz 68.7 million gallons of oil spilled into the sea. Arabian Gulf Spills 6-8 million barrels of oil spilled into the waters of the Arabian Gulf. Argo Merchant The vessel broke apart and spilled its entire cargo of 7.7 million gallons of No. 6 fuel oil. Barge Bouchard 155 Spilled an estimated 336,000 gallons of No. 6 fuel oil. Barge Cibro Savannah About 127,000 gallons of oil remained unaccounted for after the incident. Burmah Agate An estimated 2.6 million gallons of oil were released into the environment, and another 7.8 million gallons were consumed by the fire. Exxon Valdez It spilled 10.8 million gallons of oil into the marine environment.

6. JUST IMAGINE HOW MANY FUEL WAS SPILLED INTO THE ENVIRONMENT !!!!!  AND JUST THINK ABOUT THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS ON EVEYRTHING INCLUDING THESE POOR ANIMALS!  Does it have an effect on me ???  You’re a human aren’t you? :/ Stop it guys! I’ll explain everything in the next slide! next slide

7. Well of course oil spills can have an impact on living things since it causes pollution. I will explain everything to you right now, turn to the next slide please next slide

8. I MPACT ON ANIMALS When oil is spilled or leaked into in waterways and the ocean, it spreads very quickly with the help of wind and currents. If oil is eaten, it can either poison the animal, make them extremely sick, or create a level of destroys in their system that then causes poisoning further up the food chain. When Birds (Seagulls) dive to eat fish, they will be covered with oil paralyzing their ability of flying. Birds and other animals often ingest oil when trying to clean themselves. Shellfish and corals are particularly at risk in these situations as they cannot escape from an oil slick.

9. I MPACT ON H UMANS Scientists are still assessing the ecological damage wrought by the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico earlier this year. More than 300 people had come forward with spill-related symptoms in the few months after the rig exploded. Some of the common complaints have included chest pain, coughing, dizziness, headaches, respiratory distress and vomiting. These symptoms are typical of severe contact to hydrocarbons. Eating contaminated seafood and drinking contaminated water can cause serious health problems.

10. I MPACT ON H UMANS Crude oil chemicals can cause respiratory problems as well as nervous system troubles. Some have been linked to cancers at high exposure levels. When oil comes into contact with skin, they can also cause skin infections. Some people who worked on clean-up of the Exxon Valdez spill had respiratory problems. Oil Spills can also cause DNA damage.

11. C ONCLUSION Oil Spills can have negative effects on living things.

12. R EFERENCES  Information from: - Observations: Oil spill's human health impacts might extend : http://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/post.cfm?id=oil-spills-human-health-impacts-mig-2010-08-16 - Lebanon Oil Spill Rapid Assessment and Response Mission : http://www.greenline.org.lb/new/pdf_files/document_2_lebanon_oil_spill_rapid_assessment_and_response _mission.pdf - Jiyeh Power Station oil spill : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiyeh_Power_Station_oil_spill - PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF THE OIL SPILL IMPACT ON LEBANESE COASTAL WATERS : http://www.cnrs.edu.lb/info/LSJ2006/No2/khalaf.pdf - Effects of oil spills - Green living tips : http://www.greenlivingtips.com/blogs/164/Effects-of-oil-spills.html# - Impacts of Oil Spill – Buzzle : http://www.buzzle.com/articles/impacts-of-oil-spill.html - Proposed Solution(s) to Gulf BP Oil Spill : http://www.marketoracle.co.uk/Article19923.html

13. THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION !