1. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION from PROCESS INDUSTRIES & Battery Recycling Asst. Prof. Dr. Mustafa ILKAN School of Computing and Technology Director April 2011

2. Industrial Pollution

3. In this presentation Pollution and Pollutants Types of Pollution Effects of Pollution Managing Pollution

4. Pollution Introduction by man, waste matter or surplus energy into the environment, which directly or indirectly causes damage to man and his environment.

5. Pollutant A substance or effect which adversely alters the environment by changing the growth rate of species, interferes with the food chain, is toxic, or interferes with health, comfort amenities or property values of people.

6. Pollutant

7. Pollutant

8. EFFECTS ON BIOSPHERE 1. Damage to human health by specific chemical substances present in the air, food, water and radioactive material 2. Damage to natural environment affecting vegetation, animals, crops, soil and water 3. Damage to visual quality by smoke, fumes, dust, noise and waste 4. Damage by radioactive materials and excessive noise

10. TYPES OF POLLUTION Water Pollution Air Pollution Land Pollution Noise Pollution Thermal Pollution Electro Pollution (electronic wastes) Visual Pollution

12. Water Pollution

15. Industrial Sources Responsible for Organic Pollution

17. Industrial Sources Responsible for Inorganic Pollution

19. Industrial Sources Responsible for Heavy Metal Pollution

20. b) Air Pollution Air is considered safe when it contains no harmful dust and gases. Polluted air affects: –Humans –Animals –Vegetation –Materials

21. Effects from Air Pollution Global warming Ozone depletion (Ozone hole) Acid Rain Various respiratory illnesses

22. Air Pollution has No Boundaries

24. Pollution of air Particulate Matter PM10 (<10μm) –Dust (e.g. cement dust, bagasse, foundry dust and wind blown solid dust) –Mist –Smoke –Carbon black –Aerosols

27. Some Polluting Process Industries Sulfuric Acid Plants Thermal Power Stations Nitric Acid Plants Cement Plants Foundaries Plastic Industries

28. TRANSPORTATION

29. c) Land Pollution Urbanization and Concentration of Population Municipal Solid Waste Industrial Waste and Hazardous Waste Uncontrolled “Land Treatment”. Burning open dumps and forest fires Deforestation Mining and Erosion

31. d) Noise Pollution Exposure to prolong noise affects speech, hearing, general health and behaviour. Noise Levels _ dB –Intensity –frequency –periods of exposure and –duration

32. Intensity (Loudness) Measure of acoustic energy of the sound vibrations Expressed in terms of sound pressure. Decibels (dB) are the unit of measurement on the Loudness scale

33. Physical Characteristics of Sound Measurement and human perception of Sound involves three basic physical characteristics: –Intensity –Frequency –Duration

34. How sound is measured

35. Comparative Noise Levels (dB)

36. Industrial Noise Sources Metal fabrication (pressing, grinding, chipping etc.) High pressure burners in furnaces Turbines Compressors Pumps Welding machines Cranes and other vehicles Pipe lines carrying high velocity fluids and solids Vibrating and grinding equipment

39. Pollution Management Pollution can be controlled by proper choice of preventive and remedial measures

40. Techniques are changing...

42. Typical Wastewater Processing

44. Land Pollution Control Integrated Solid Waste Management Good agricultural practices Remediation of polluted soils Prevention of erosion and silting Containment of hazardous waste and waste water treatment using land treatment techniques.

45. 3R Principle Reduce Reuse Recycle

46. Noise Pollution Control

47. Waste takes many forms

48. Occupational Health & Safety Occupational safety and health is the discipline concerned with protecting the safety, health and welfare of employees of the industry and the general public. Safety in process design can be considered under the following broad headings. –1. Identification and assessment of the hazard –2. Control of hazards –3. Control of the process –4. Limitation of the loss.

49. Battery Recycling Americans purchase nearly 3 billion dry-cell batteries every year. 350 million are rechargeable. Only 3-5% of primary dry cells are recycled. Nearly 99 million wet-cell lead acid car batteries are manufactured each year

50. Battery recycling A primary battery will only return 1/50 the energy used to make it. Batteries contain heavy metals such as mercury, lead, cadmium, and nickel, which can contaminate the environment when batteries are improperly disposed of.

51. Battery Recycling The oceans are starting to show elevated levels of cadmium. NiCd batteries account for 75% of cadmium in landfills. Preserve natural resources.

52. Industry and Recycling Companies claim it not economically profitable. – Transportation – Sorting Lead acid batteries are the most recycled product

53. How recycling works? Lead Acid Recycling Plastic is broken up and reused Lead and lead oxide is smelted Sulfuric acid is reclaimed

54. Recycling other types of batteries NiCd batteries can be reprocessed through a similar Thermal technique NiMH The output of this process is a product with high nickel content which can be used in the manufacture of stainless steel

55. Recycling other types of batteries Li-İon Currently reprocessed through pyrolysis (heat treatment) with the primary recovery the metal content Zinc-carbon/air and alkaline- manganese can be reprocessed using a number of different methods which include smelting and other thermal-metallurgical processes to recover the metal content (particularly zinc)

56. Recycling other types of batteries Batteries Containning mercury Most commonly processed using a vacuum – thermal treatment

57. Advances Mercury battery act – Phase out mercury – Increase Recycling Rechargeable Battery Recycling Corporation Since 1994, RBRC has recycled more than 20 million pounds of rechargeable batteries. Battery Counsel International

58. Solutions Purchase rechargeable batteries. Use solar power Battery Deposit Make companies take back products they sell. Make batteries easier to recycle.

59. Resources www.epa.gov www.energy.gov gy g www.wasteonline.org.uk www.bbc.co.uk http://www.batteryrecycling.com/index.html Inorganic Chemistry (Shriver, Atkins) Recycling of Consumer Dry Cell batteries (Hurd et al.) http://www.relfe.com/IDetoxamin/cadmium_toxici ty.htm www.zerowasteamerica.org

60. The End THANK YOU