1. Population Geography I (Demography)
The Where and Why of Population
Density (Concentration)
Distribution (Location)
Demographics (Characteristics)
Dynamics (Over time)
Interpretation

2. “Interpretation:” FACT:
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the death rate in the United States due to lung cancer is over 4x higher than in Haiti and over 17x higher than in DR Congo.
This is true because…
Source:

3. Deaths Due to Other Causes
Tuberculosis Deaths (per 100,000)
U.S. DR Congo Haiti
AIDS Deaths (per 100,000)
Malaria Deaths (per 100,000)
U.S. DR Congo Haiti 0*
Diarrheal-Related Deaths (per 100,000)

4. Life Expectancy
U.S. DR Congo Haiti
M F M F M F

5. So Remember! “Data” is just a bunch of numbers!
In order to effectively use data, you MUST:
Analyze
Interpret
Place into the right context

6. Population Density
Not only WHERE people are located, but the DISTRIBUTION (clustering or dispersion) of people across or within a given region
Measured in people per unit of area
People per square mile (mi2)
People per square kilometer (km2)
People per acre

7. Population Density

8. World Population Density 2014
people per square mi (mi2)

9. Population by Continents (2010)
Continent Pop (billions) Pop/mi2 Pop%
Asia
Africa
Oz/NZ
Europe
North America
South America
World

10. U.S. Population Densities (people/mi2)
NJ ,210 WY
Washington DC 10,589
Manhattan ,940
Wisconsin
Eau Claire Co
Florence Co
Milwaukee Co ,955
Source: 2010 U.S. Census

11. World Population Densities (people/mi2)
Greenland
Australia
Canada
United States
Netherlands 1,062
Bangladesh 2,497
Vatican City 4,861
Monaco 43,830

12. Distribution: Why do we live where we live?

13. Trans-Siberian railroads in eastern Russia
Omsk

15. Demography (Population characteristics)
Ascribed
Gender
Race
Age
Achieved
Education
Income
Occupation
Employment
Etc.

16. Census: Count of population and its characteristics
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the total population of the World, projected to 4/6/15 at 9:55:01 CDT was: 7,161,776,047

17. Population Statistics
Birth Rate (per 1,000)
Death Rate (per 1,000)
Fertility Rate (Children born/Woman)
Infant Mortality Rate (per 1,000)
Natural Increase % (Births – Deaths per 1,000)
Life Expectancy (years)

18. World Birth Rate (births per 1,000 population)

19. World Death Rate (deaths per 1,000 population)

20. Fertility Rate (# of children per woman of childbearing age)

21. Infant Mortality Rate (deaths of infants <1 year old)
Lack of maternal health care or child nutrition

22. Infant Mortality Rate in Detroit
Dark Purple areas have a higher IMR than at least 60 “Third World” countries, including:
Botswana
China
Cuba
Libya
Malaysia
Nicaragua
North Korea
Oman
Sri Lanka
Syria
Uzbekistan
Vietnam
Infant Mortality Rate in Detroit

23. Dynamics Rate of Natural Increase (RNI)
Births
- Deaths
RNI

24. RNI Figures (%) “PERIPHERY” “SEMI-PERIPHERY” Uganda 3.4 Niger 3.4
Mali 3.2
Burkina Faso 3.1
Senegal 2.7
Afghanistan 2.5
Iraq
Tanzania 2.0
Philippines 2.0
Honduras 1.9
Bolivia 1.7
“SEMI-PERIPHERY”
Mexico 1.4
India
Brazil 1.1
“CORE”
United States 0.5
China 0.5
France 0.4
Canada Denmark 0.0
Hungary
Serbia
Ukraine

25. Rates of Natural Increase (Birth Rate - Death Rate)

26. Russians get day off to procreate, then win prizes
The Denver Post
12/24/2007
Moscow - A Russian region of Ulyanovsk has found a novel way to fight the nation's birth-rate crisis: It has declared Sept. 12 the Day of Conception and for the third year running is giving couples time off from work to procreate. The hope is for a brood of babies exactly nine months later on Russia's national day. Couples who "give birth to a patriot" during the June 12 festivities win money, cars, refrigerators and other prizes.
Russia, with one-seventh of Earth's land surface, has just million citizens, making it one of the most sparsely settled countries in the world. With a low birth rate and a high death rate, the population has been shrinking since the early 1990s.
In his state-of-the-nation address last year, President Vladimir Putin called the demographic crisis the most acute problem facing Russia and announced a broad effort to boost Russia's birth rate, including cash incentives to families that have more than one child.
The 2007 grand prize went to Irina and Andrei Kartuzov, who received a UAZ-Patriot, a sport utility vehicle. Other contestants won video cameras, TVs, refrigerators and washing machines.

27. Doubling Time “Rule of 70”
Number of years it will take for population to double at current growth rate
70 ÷ Growth Rate = Doubling Time
Growth Rate Doubling Time
Uganda 3.4% 21 years
Afghanistan 2.5% 28 years
India 1.4% 50 years
United States .5% 140 years
Denmark 0.0%
Ukraine % 117 years* (1/2)

28. Life Expectancy

29. AGE DYNAMICS

30. Dependency Ratio Dependents: Under 15 & over 65
How many supported by group?
Problems?

31. “Graying of the Core” Low birth and death rates in Core
Low population growth (not including immigration)
Steadily older population

32. Baby Boom ( )
Baby Bust ( )

33. Baby Boom impacts yet to come
Population Momentum / “Population Echo”
Strain on Social Security
Growing health care costs
Challenge is on YOU to support them financially!

34. Population Pyramid tracks age-sex groups

35. U.S. (virtually no growth)

36. Nigeria (rapid growth)

37. Argentina (slow growth)

38. Ukraine?

39. Germany (effect of wars in 20th Century)

40. China (One-child policy)

41. Canada,

42. Russia,

43. U.A.E.

44. Northern Mariana Islands

45. India ?

46. Sun City (Arizona) retirement community

47. Eau Claire County
5.7%
6.4%
4.4%
5.0%

48. Athens County, OH
8.2%
8.1%
6.0%
7.0%

50. Demographic Transition Model
Move from high birth and death rates
to low birth and death rates
Took centuries of development
for Core to make transition
More difficult for Periphery
to make transition without its
own capital, skills, education

51. Demographic Transition1 2 3 4

52. Demographic Transition: Stage 5

53. “fully developed”—losing manufacturing
Stages of
Demographic
Transition
1. Pre-Industrial Equilibrium
(High BR, High DR =
basic, subsistence living)
2. Early Industrialization
(High BR, Declining DR =
better sanitation, health care)
3. Developed Industrialization
(Declining BR, Low DR =
“modernization,” change of values)
4. Post-Industrial Equilibrium
(Low BR, Low DR) =
“fully developed”—core countries today
5. Deindustrialization
(BR is lower than DR =
“fully developed”—losing manufacturing
Which Stage?
Core?
Periphery?
Semi-Periphery?

54. Demographic Transition in Denmark
Core (low birth / death rates)

55. (lower death rates, falling birth rates)
Demographic Transition in Chile
Semi-Periphery
(lower death rates, falling birth rates)

56. Periphery (high birth, high death rates)
Demographic Transition in Cape Verde, Africa
Periphery (high birth, high death rates)

57. Theory of “Overpopulation”
Thomas Malthus ( ):
Theory of “Overpopulation”
Famine
Disease
War

58. History of World Population7
2015

59. Why is Population Growth so High in the Periphery?
“Population growth is a symptom of poverty”
Lack of education / information
Lack of “career” / opportunities
Women’s roles (or lack thereof)
Lack of access to technology (i.e. contraception)
Survival: farm labor, old age
Colonial Legacy: Catholicism
Q: Because the Core consumes far more resources do we, therefore, foment, encourage, and desire the (re)production of more cheap, unskilled young labor?

60. Women’s Empowerment:
Contraception Rates

61. Policies to lower birth rate
Forced
One-child policy (China)
Coercive “population control”
Gynocide
Infanticide
Voluntary
Availability of birth control
Incentives for small families
Social
Empowerment of women
Better health care and education
Significant decrease in child labor
Social Security