1. The Urinary System Maintenance System Chapter 15

2. Vocabulary Dialysis – artificial method of cleansing blood when kidney’s fail Dysuria- difficult or painful urination Lithotripsy – procedure where stones are crushed in order to allow passage through urinary system. Benign – not dangerous to health Metastasis – spreading of a disease retro- behind - cysto- bladder ren- kidney- trans- across uro- urine -ectomy – surgical removal Tripsy – surgical crushing

3. The Organs of the Urinary System Kidneys (2)Kidneys (2) Ureters (2)Ureters (2) BladderBladder UrethraUrethra

4. Basic Functions of the Urinary System Regulates the composition and volume of the blood.Regulates the composition and volume of the blood. Made up of 1,250,000 Nephrons (filters) that:Made up of 1,250,000 Nephrons (filters) that: 1. remove nitrogen wastes, 2. water, 3. salts, 4. returns necessary fluids back into the blood.

5. Kidneys The kidneys are paired organs found laterally to the spinal canal in the upper left and right quadrants.The kidneys are paired organs found laterally to the spinal canal in the upper left and right quadrants. Their main function is to produce urine.Their main function is to produce urine.

6. Kidney

8. The Ureters The ureters are long, slender tubes which extend from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.The ureters are long, slender tubes which extend from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. Their main function is to transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.Their main function is to transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

9. The Urinary Bladder A sac-like structure found in the pelvic cavity.A sac-like structure found in the pelvic cavity. Its main function is to hold urine.Its main function is to hold urine.

10. The Urethra A small tube (about 2 inches in the female and 8 inches in males) which transports urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.A small tube (about 2 inches in the female and 8 inches in males) which transports urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.

11. Structure of a nephron

12. Formation of Urine Students are divided in pairs.Students are divided in pairs. Each pair will study one of the three processes in the formation of urine.Each pair will study one of the three processes in the formation of urine. –Filtration –Reabsorption –Secretion Students will then switch groups and teach the other students about their process in the formation of urine.Students will then switch groups and teach the other students about their process in the formation of urine.

13. Diseases and Disorders of the Urinary System

14. Kidney Stones Kidney stones are hard masses developed from crystals that separate from the urine within the urinary tract.Kidney stones are hard masses developed from crystals that separate from the urine within the urinary tract. Usually, the first symptom of a kidney stone is extreme pain, which begins suddenly when a stone moves in the urinary tract and blocks the flow of urine.Usually, the first symptom of a kidney stone is extreme pain, which begins suddenly when a stone moves in the urinary tract and blocks the flow of urine.

15. Kidney Stones continued Typically, a person feels a sharp, cramping pain in the back and side in the area of the kidney or in the lower abdomen. Sometimes nausea and vomiting occur.Typically, a person feels a sharp, cramping pain in the back and side in the area of the kidney or in the lower abdomen. Sometimes nausea and vomiting occur. Later, pain may spread to the groin. Predisposing factors for kidney stones include dehydration, infection, obstruction, and genetics.Later, pain may spread to the groin. Predisposing factors for kidney stones include dehydration, infection, obstruction, and genetics. Treatment includes medication to relieve the pain, forcing fluids, and sometimes surgical intervention such as lithotripsy.Treatment includes medication to relieve the pain, forcing fluids, and sometimes surgical intervention such as lithotripsy.

17. Kidney Failure Kidney failure is the loss of the kidney’s ability to perform their main function — eliminate excess fluid and waste material from the blood.Kidney failure is the loss of the kidney’s ability to perform their main function — eliminate excess fluid and waste material from the blood. When the kidneys lose their filtering ability, dangerous levels of fluid and waste accumulate in the body.When the kidneys lose their filtering ability, dangerous levels of fluid and waste accumulate in the body. Signs and symptoms include decreased urine output, fluid retention, drowsiness, shortness of breath, fatigue, confusion, seizures or coma in severe cases.Signs and symptoms include decreased urine output, fluid retention, drowsiness, shortness of breath, fatigue, confusion, seizures or coma in severe cases. Treatment includes a modified diet, IV fluids, and dialysis until kidney function returns to normal.Treatment includes a modified diet, IV fluids, and dialysis until kidney function returns to normal.

18. Cystitis Cystitis is the inflammation of the urinary bladder caused by bacteria.Cystitis is the inflammation of the urinary bladder caused by bacteria. It is more common in women.It is more common in women. Signs and symptoms of cystitis include urgency, frequency, burning upon urination, dysuria, and possible urethral discharge.Signs and symptoms of cystitis include urgency, frequency, burning upon urination, dysuria, and possible urethral discharge. It is treated with antibiotics.It is treated with antibiotics.

19. Careers Urologist - focuses on the urinary tracts of males and females, and on the reproductive system of males.Urologist - focuses on the urinary tracts of males and females, and on the reproductive system of males. –Schooling is more then 12 years and salary averages above $90,000/year Dialysis Technician-operate machines that remove waste and excess fluids from the blood of patients whose kidneys can no longer carry out those functions.Dialysis Technician-operate machines that remove waste and excess fluids from the blood of patients whose kidneys can no longer carry out those functions. –Schooling is usually done in a technical school lasting 6-12 months and salary averages about $30,000/year Medical Lab Technician-also called clinical laboratory technicians, perform routine laboratory procedures on blood, tissue, and other bodily fluids using instruments such as microscopes, chemicals, computers, and complex laboratory equipment.Medical Lab Technician-also called clinical laboratory technicians, perform routine laboratory procedures on blood, tissue, and other bodily fluids using instruments such as microscopes, chemicals, computers, and complex laboratory equipment. Medical AssistantMedical Assistant

20. Medical Lab Technician -also called clinical laboratory technicians, perform routine laboratory procedures on blood, tissue, and other bodily fluids using instruments such as microscopes, chemicals, computers, and complex laboratory equipment.Medical Lab Technician -also called clinical laboratory technicians, perform routine laboratory procedures on blood, tissue, and other bodily fluids using instruments such as microscopes, chemicals, computers, and complex laboratory equipment. –Schooling is usually a two year degree from an accredited institution with average salary ranging from $30,000 - $60,0000/year Medical Assistant - perform many administrative duties, including answering telephones, greeting patients, updating and filing patients’ medical records, filling out insurance forms. While clinical duties include taking medical histories and recording vital signs, explaining treatment procedures to patients, preparing patients for examination, and assisting the physician during the examination.Medical Assistant - perform many administrative duties, including answering telephones, greeting patients, updating and filing patients’ medical records, filling out insurance forms. While clinical duties include taking medical histories and recording vital signs, explaining treatment procedures to patients, preparing patients for examination, and assisting the physician during the examination. –Schooling ranges from 6-12 months with salary averages below $30,000/year