1. DEVELOPMENT OF BEEF INDUSTRY IN U.S.A. and IOWA

2. Historical 1900-1970 1900-1970 –Cow-calf industry originally developed in southeast and moved to southern and western range states –Feeder cattle moved to corn belt states for feeding

3. Historical 1970-1980 1970-1980 –Cattle feeding shifted to south and west of IA – re: 1. Irrigation available 2.N fertilizer cheap 3.Processing of grain – milo and corn 4.Large lots of cattle and more business oriented 5.Result packers also moved

4. Historical 1980-present 1980-present –IA 5th or 6th in feedlot no. – could be leader with corn coproducts, reason probably will not occur: 1.Corn producers enjoy less work and maybe less risk 2.Attitude of people towards cattle feedlots 3.Environmental regulations

5. Historical 1980-present 1980-present –10 + packers have left state – 1 remaining –Market cattle wt. are heavier at ~ 1250 lb. and probably will remain: 1.Packing plants build to accommodate 2.Provide desirable cut size 3.Young cattle 15-22 mo. of age that will grade and remain lean

6. Historical 1980-present 1980-present –Currently IA 2nd to CA in Ag Exporting ($)

7. Beef markets Domestic Domestic Per capita consumption (lb.) 197079.6198574.7200064.7 197583.2199064.12004 65.2 198072.2199563.7

8. Beef markets Domestic Domestic –Branded-certified products increasing –Niche markets growing:

9. Beef markets Foreign-rank Foreign-rank 1. 1. 2. 2. 3.Taiwan 4.Caribbean – Bahamas, Dom. Republic, Trinidad, Tobago 5.Japan One to watch in China

10. Impacting beef consumption in U.S.A. Young and leaner beef Young and leaner beef Higher quality – yield and quality grades Higher quality – yield and quality grades

11. Impacting beef consumption in U.S.A. Cost relative to other foods (Cost/oz.) Cost relative to other foods (Cost/oz.) –Salad dressing mix1.87 –Sugar free jello1.36 –Corn chips.90 –Lobster.37 –Breakfast cereal.18 –Peanut butter.13 –Mayonnaise.09 –Ground beef.07 –Round steak.08 –Sirloin steak.14 –Porterhouse steak.20

12. Nutrition Protein : Protein : Percentage Amino Acid Makeup Percentage Amino Acid Makeup Amino acidBeefZoin (Corn) Arginine6.41.8 Cystine1.3.8 Histidine3.31.2 Isoleucine*5.24.3 Leucine*7.823.7 Lysine*8.60.0 Methionine*2.72.3 Phenylalamine*3.96.4 Theonine*4.52.2 Tryptophan*1.00.2 Tyrosine3.05.9 Valine*5.11.9 Total52.850.7 Essential to m Essential to m

13. Nutrition Lipid (fat): Lipid (fat):

14. Nutrition Minerals: Minerals: Select grade beef Recommended daily mg./100 g., Recommended daily mg./100 g., Mineralallowance for man (mg.) edible portion Calcium80010 Phosphorous800152 Iron10 18 (women)2.5 Sodium---65 Potassium1250355 Magnesium35018

15. Nutrition Vitamins: Vitamins: Select grade beef Recommended dailymg. or I.U./100 g., Recommended dailymg. or I.U./100 g., Vitamin allowance for man edible portion Vitamin A, I.U.5000.060.00 Vitamin D, I.U.400.0---- Thiamin, mg.1.5.07 Riboflavin, mg.1.6.15 Niacin,mg.18.04.00 Vitamin C, mg.45.0----

16. Healthy Animal fats contain cholesterol: Animal fats contain cholesterol: –Saturated fats tend to raise cholesterol and polyunsaturated fats tend to lower cholesterol. –Cholesterol, fats, etc. are deposited on inner lining of blood vessels forming a mass called atheroma; calcium deposited in atheroma causes hardening of arteries, known as Atherosclerosis

17. Healthy Animal fats contain cholesterol: Animal fats contain cholesterol: –3 oz. of beef contains approximately 75 mg. of cholesterol Average daily diet of meat, milk and eggs contains about 300-550 mg. of cholesterol Average daily diet of meat, milk and eggs contains about 300-550 mg. of cholesterol Normal human body requires about 1000 mg. of cholesterol per day – difference is synthesized in liver Normal human body requires about 1000 mg. of cholesterol per day – difference is synthesized in liver Cholesterol: essential part of the structure of cell membranes: starting material for production of sex and adrenal hormones: also converted to vitamin D Cholesterol: essential part of the structure of cell membranes: starting material for production of sex and adrenal hormones: also converted to vitamin D

18. Healthy Animal fats contain cholesterol: Animal fats contain cholesterol: –Research does not show solid evidence of relationship between heart disease and consumption of animal products –Note: recent years heart disease increasing and beef products are leaner

19. Healthy Residues: Residues: –Feed additives and implants – FDA does not permit: 1.Sale of any drug that leaves a residue – all products have withdrawal time 2.Use of any drug proved to be harmful, regardless of whether or not residues occur

20. Future for beef production Fits concept of sustainable agriculture Fits concept of sustainable agriculture Use of co-products Use of co-products Provide leaner and thus more nutritional food Provide leaner and thus more nutritional food Value added Value added