1. Global Climate Change Alliance: Intra-ACP Programme
Training Module Mainstreaming Climate Change
Module 9 Mainstreaming climate change within project cycle
Ms Isabelle Mamaty Senior Expert Climate Support Facility

2. Mainstreaming climate change within project cycle
Learning objectives:
To understand how to integrate climate change into the project cycle
To avoid maladaptation
To ensure that projects address development needs
Expected outcomes:
Increase knowledge of mainstreaming steps within the project cycle
Increase knowledge of mainstreaming tools

3. Why mainstream climate change at project level?
Projects may be vulnerable to climate change (CC) directly or indirectly (exp. Floods, sea-level rise, damaging infrastructure)
Projects may affect the vulnerability of natural and human systems to CC (case of maladaptation)
Projects may take advantage of potential opportunities arising from CC
Source: World Bank (2010a) WDR 2010

4. Operationalisation of mainstreaming within project cycle
Project design
Monitoring and Evaluation
Project identification
Project appraisal
Project implementation
Step 1: Assess potential climate risks and effects on vulnerability
Step 2: undertake in-depth climate risk assessments
Step 3: identify adaptation options
Step 4: Prioritise and select adaptation options
Step 5: implement projects
For new projects: implement selected adaptation options
For on going projects: carry out interventions of previous stages, then implement adaptation options
Step 6: Evaluate Adaptation measures within project
Adaptation and mitigation projects will not disappear but are likely to be more effective and efficient if ‘nested’ in wider strategies and programmes.
ECA (2010): A strategic approach allows:
Identifying risks in a more comprehensive manner (total economic value at risk);
Identifying a portfolio of cost-effective measures
Prioritising measures, so as to address the largest possible part of the identified risk with the available resources
Source: OCDE (2009a) &USAID (2007) 4 4

5. Project identification (1)
Vulnerability assessment to Climate change impacts is a function :
Type of Infrastructure
Project activities
Geographical location

6. Project identification (2)
Mainstreaming steps at this stage include:
Assessment of the vulnerability of the project to climate change impacts
Timing and certainty of climate change impacts
Assessment of potential of the project to increase vulnerability of natural and human systems to climate change

7. Project Appraisal and project design
In depth climate risk assessments
Standard risk assessment tools
computer-based tool (exp. ADAPT, World Bank)
Identification of adaptation or mitigation options
Description of the measure
Estimated costs of the measure
Estimated benefits of the measure
Feasibility of the measure
Prioritising and selecting adaptation and mitigation options
Cost benefit analysis (CBA)
Multi-criteria Analysis (MCA)
Cost –effectiveness analysis (CEA)
Expert judgement
Conditions for success: participation of all concerned stakeholders in the decision-making process
Possible criteria: cost, effectiveness, ease of implementation, acceptability to local stakeholders, endorsement by experts, time-frame, institutional capacity, adequacy for current climate and size of beneficiaries group

8. Summary of Existing tools
Non exhaustive list of mainstreaming tools
ADB Screening Checklist: list of questions to rapidly assess potential risk of projects
DANIDA Climate change screening matrix: Guidance and checklist for use in the field
DFID opportunities and risks of climate change and disasters (ORCHID) and Climate risk Impacts on Sectors and programmes (CRISP): portfolio and sector based climate risk assessment methodologies
Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs (DGIS) climate quiz scans: rapid risk assessment for selection of adaptation entry points for bilateral projects
Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC)/inter-cooperation Community-based Risk Screening Tool-Adaptation and livelihoods (CRiSTAL): assess impacts on livelihood resources important for climate adaptation
United States Agency for International Development (USAID) SERVIR-Viz climate mapper : tool for environmental decision-making
World Bank change portal, including ADAPT Tools: wide range of data on climate

9. Project Implementation (1)

10. Project Monitoring and Evaluation
Monitoring of the implementation of the identified actions
level of implementation, unexpected problems during the implementation process, impacts on other sectors or regions, actual costs versus anticipated costs
Monitoring of the progress and success
Intended benefits, adverse outcomes not anticipated
Monitoring the evolution of baseline climate conditions over the lifetime of the project
This implies use of indicators
Monitoring of the evolution of baseline climate conditions will ensure the effectiveness and long-term sustainability of the project under evolving climate conditions.

11. Learnt lessons and Challenges
Harmonisation of tools and instruments for screening across donors
Climate risk assessment tools to be tested or implemented in a wide range of contexts
Limited availability and reliability of projections of future climate
lack of reliable climate projections
significant uncertainties associated with many climate variables

12. Turning words into action

13. Discussion Questions and Answers
Mainstreaming climate change within project cycle
What are the opportunities for mainstreaming climate change within project cycle in your sector or at your level and what are the institutional and capacity needs in your organisation to do so?

14. Presentation of case studies
Presentations of case studies and best practices

15. Learning process exercise: Working group
Exercise: Select one project and proceed to the assessment of this project and propose how to mainstream CC into this project.

16. Recap – Key messages Relevant questions to consider:
Are the objectives of the project and/or specific activities threatened by climate change?
Could the project’s objectives and/or activities benefit from climate change
What may be the influence of the project on the vulnerability of relevant natural or human systems
How can project activities leading to reduced vulnerability, i.e. greater adaptive capacity or reduced sensitivity or reduced exposure, be maximised?
Which activities need to be modified to avoid an increase in vulnerability?
Which additional activities are required to avoid adverse impacts of climate change on the project?
Source: GIZ (2011)

17. Key references
GIZ (2011) Integrating climate change adaptation into development: a practice-oriented training based on an OECD Policy Guidance, Training manual and Handouts
OECD (2009) Integrating Climate Change Adaptation into development Co-operation: policy guidance
UNDP (2011) Practitioner’s Guide: Capacity Development for Environmental Sustainability. United Nations Development Programme, New York
UNDP-UNEP (2011) Mainstreaming Adaptation to Climate Change into Development Planning: A Guide for Practitioners. UNDP-UNEP Poverty-Environment Initiative
UNDP – Integrating environment into development:
USAID (2007) Adapting to climate variability and change: a guidance manual for development planning

18. Thank you
Contact: Dr. Pendo MARO, ACP Secretariat or