1. Other Patterns of Inheritance
Chapter 11.3
Other Patterns of Inheritance
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2. 1 2 3 4 Four exceptions to Mendel’s principles
Incomplete Dominance 2
Co-dominance 3
Multiple Alleles 4
Polygenic Traits
In most organisms, heredity is more
complicated than Mendel realized

3. Incomplete Dominance-1
Incomplete Dominance-
Some alleles are neither dominant NOR recessive!!

4. Incomplete dominance Continued
For Example:
Four O’Clock Flowers
Heterozygous type lies somewhere between the 2 homozygous types-
IT’s A BLEND

5. Incomplete Dominance Con’t
Heterozygous type lies somewhere between the 2 homozygous types- A BLEND!!
Incomplete Dominance Con’t
Red + White = Pink

6. 2
Co-dominance
Phenotypes produced by both alleles are clearly expressed

7. BOTH TRAITS EQUALLY STRONG
NOT BLENDED! TRAITS STAY DISTINCT AND UNIQUE
BOTH TRAITS EQUALLY STRONG

8. In some chickens, the gene for feather color is controlled by co-dominance. The allele for black is B and the allele for white is W. The heterozygous, BW, phenotype is known as erminette, or speckled.

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Erminette chickens- examples of CODOMINANCE- both traits show up distinctly

10. Other examples of Co-dominance
Ie: In humans, gene for protein that controls cholesterol levels in the blood Ie: Roan cows- A white cow and red bull makes red and white spotted offspring, also known as "roan”.

11. "What is the difference between co-dominance and incomplete dominance
Co-dominance happens when there are two dominant alleles for a trait and they are both shown.
For example, a red and white flower would make a striped flower. A white cow and brown cow makes a brown and white spotted cow, also known as "roan”.
Incomplete dominance happens when there are two dominant alleles for a trait and they are blended (mixed).
For example, a red flower and a white flower would make a pink flower.

12. 3
Multiple Alleles
Many genes exist in several different forms, so they are said to have multiple alleles.

13. Multiple Alleles Continued
For example: coat color in rabbits, there is ONE gene with at least FOUR different alleles

14. Multiple Alleles Continued
Another Example:
Human blood type

15. Traits controlled by 2 or more genes
Polygenic Traits
Traits controlled by 2 or more genes

16. Many traits are produced by interaction of several genes
For example: at least 3 genes control reddish-brown pigment in eyes of fruit flies

17. Many traits are produced by interaction of several genes
For example: more than 4 genes control skin color in humans

18. Many traits are produced by interaction of several genes
More examples of Polygenic traits: Hair and eye color in humans

19. Genes and the Environment
Environmental conditions (internal or external) can affect gene expression

20. Temperature affecting butterfly color
Pontia occidentalist, from western North America is light in color when emerges in the summer, and darker in color when it emerges in the spring p.321

21. Internal environment & genes
Genes and the environment: another example… gene for male pattern baldness is found in both males and females, but the male hormones TRIGGER it.
Internal environment & genes

22. 1 2 3 4 Review: Four exceptions to Mendel’s principles
Incomplete Dominance 2
Co-dominance 3
Multiple Alleles 4
Polygenic Traits
In most organisms, heredity is more
complicated than Mendel realized

23. Other patterns of inheritance
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