1. By: Jessica Stevens

2.  Actions of the thyroid ◦ Controls body temperature ◦ How body burns calories ◦ Controls how fast food moves through digestive tract ◦ Muscle strength  Thyroid hormones: ◦ T3-thyroxine ◦ T4-triiodothyronine ◦ Calcitonin

3. Hyperthyroidism is present when the thyroid gland is over secreting hormones.

4.  Diarrhea and weight loss  Eye problems  Enlarged thyroid gland  Hair and skin changes  Heat intolerance  Heart palpitations  Clubbing  Menstrual cycle changes  Muscle weakness  Easily bruised

5.  Nervousness  Restlessness  Anxiety  Irritability  Sleeplessness or insomnia  Exhaustion

6. Early diagnosis is key to treatment and recovery.

7.  How do we diagnosis these disorders?? ◦ Thyroid stimulation hormone (TSH) test  Normal levels of TSH are 0.4-4.5milliunits/L. ◦ Thyroid hormone test  In adults, a normal total T3 level is 80-230 ng/dL. Total T4 levels should be at 5-14 mcg/dL.

8.  Grave’s disease.  A benign nodule on the thyroid.  Thyroiditis.  Taking too much of the synthetic thyroid hormone.

9. That’s right FEMALES…

10.  With Grave’s Disease, the immune system begins to attack the thyroid and produces antibodies that mimic TSH.  Women are more likely to develop Grave’s disease.  Hereditary and environmental influences.

11.  Radioactive iodine ◦ Typical treatment is 3-12 millicuries. ◦ However, this treatment can cause hypothyroidism. ◦ It must also be followed by thyroid replacing hormones.  Beta-Blockers  Antithyroid medication-Propylthiouracil (PTU) or Tapazole

12.  Hypothyroidism is present when the thyroid gland is producing little or no thyroid hormones. Thus slowing things down....

13.  Cold intolerance  Slow digestion  Weight gain  Fatigue  Thin, coarse hair  Brittle fingernails  Muscle aches  Dizziness  Ringing in ears  Numbness ◦ Carpal tunnel  Poor memory  Skin changes  Voice changes  Milky discharge from breasts

14. Hypothyroidism can be linked to psychiatric depression. Roughly 15% of all patients suffering from depression are found to be hypothyroid. Some symptoms found are:  Paranoia  Aural and Visual hallucinations

15.  Hashimoto’s thyroiditis  Treatment for hyperthyroidism  Congenital hypothyroidism  Radiation therapy given to the head and/or neck  Side-effect hypothyroidism

16.  Thyroid replacement pills-most common  Some medicines can cause hypothyroidism. ◦ Stop the medication and symptoms should cease.

17.  Cronin, Colleen. (2005) Hyperthyroidism. Retrieved March 19, 2008, from WebMD web site: http://www.webmd.com/a-to- zguides/hyperthyroidism-topic-overview.  Katz-Wise, Sabra L. (2006). Hypothyroidism. Retrieved March 19, 2008, from WebMD web site: http://www.webmd.com/a-to- zguides/hypothyroidism-topic-overview.  Rosenthal, M. Sara (1999). The thyroid sourcebook for women. Lincolnwood, IL: Lowell House.

18.  In conclusion, people with proper medical attention and patient compliancy can lead a healthy, active lifestyle with these conditions.