1. Kingdom Protista  Quiz: Tues. 12/6 over microscopes and protists  Test: Tues. 12/13 over microscopes, protists, transport, respiration, photosynthesis

2. Classification of Protists  Kingdom with the most diverse members  Unicellular and multicellular  Heterotrophs, autotrophs, or both  Various types of cell walls Are all Eukaryotes!! (nucleus!)

3. So…how do we classify them??  Animal Like—Heterotrophs  Plant Like—Autotrophs  Fungus Like—Decomposer, Parasites Classify by how they obtain nutrition This classification system does not explain evolutionary relationships and will probably change in the future. Amoeba

4. Also classified by how they move  Some use pseudopods (false feet)  Some use flagella (like a whip)  Some use cilia (tiny hair like structures)  Some don’t move at all This classification system does not explain evolutionary relationships and will probably change in the future.

5. Animal-Like Protists  Amoeba and Entamoeba  Pseudopods are temporary projections of cytoplasm (false feet) Amoeba Movement Video

6. Animal-Like Protists  Flagellates:  Have flagella-whip like structure that aid in movement  EX: Triconympha—lives in the gut of termites and helps digest wood  Trypanosomas—African sleeping sickness caused by bite of a Tsetse fly

7. Animal-Like Protists  Ciliates: Move with cilia  Hair-like projections used for moving and catching food  EX: Paramecium Contractile Vacuole—used to pump out excess water from the cell Gullet for food intake

8. Animal-Like Protists  Phylum Sporozoans—parasitic protists  Nonmotile—do not move  EX: Plasmodium—causes Malaria, carried by Anopheles mosquito

9. http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=8GPn9rqg_HA

10. Ecology of Animal-Like Protists  Why are they important??  Live symbiotically with other organism (termites gut)  Live in lakes/oceans, bottom of marine food chain (zooplankton)  Recycle nutrients/make organic matter

11. Plant-Like Protists—Algae  Unicellular and multicellular  Autotrophs  Produce most of the worlds oxygen  Use chlorophyll and accessory pigments to collect light

12. Unicellular Algae— Diatoms  Glass-like cell walls made of silica  Forms diatomaceous soil when they die and sink to the ocean floor.  Uses:  Filter ponds  Abrasive in cleaners  Brightener in paints  Kills pests (slices exoskeleton)

13. Diatoms

14. Unicellular Algae— Euglena  Has 2 flagella  Contractile vacuole— pumps out excess water to maintain homeostasis  Pellicle—Cell wall  Eye spots—detect light  Both heterotrophic and autotrophic (plant and animal like)

15. Euglena

16. Multicellular Algae Volvox: colonial algae Red Algae- used to make agar Pond scum Brown Algae: Sea Kelp

17. Diseases…  Giardia - causes humans to become sick when drink water with cyst  Gonyaulax - produces toxins that paralyze and kill (red tide)  Potato blight - threatened crops in Ireland, potato famine 1846  Toxoplasmosis- found in cat feces, can be fatal to developing fetus

18. Videos  Pond water video—good amoeba and euglena http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kB6vgZi99gw http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kB6vgZi99gw  Amoeba eating—good to look at after talking about active transport http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ojrkxmD6tT8& feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ojrkxmD6tT8& feature=related

19. Cellular Processes of Protists Active Transport  Moves substances against concentration gradient  Move from HIGH to LOW conc.

20. Bulk Transport  Endocytosis – in to cell (a)  Phagocytosis movement of large solid molecules into the cell  Pinocytosis is the ingestion of extracellular fluid  Exocytosis moves large molecules out of cell (b)  Ex: proteins, waste Click Picture for Video

21. Passive or Active? Passive(no ATP)  Simple diffusion  Osmosis  Facilitated diffusion  High  Low Active(requires ATP)  Endocytosis  Phagocytosis  Pinocytosis  Exocytosis  Low  High