1. Chapter 5 Marine Prokaryotes, Protists, Fungi and Plants All are primary producers which are capable of using light energy to perform photosynthesis

2. Kingdom Monera (Bacteria)
Prokaryotic, single-celled
3 types of bacteria
Heterotrophic
Photosynthetic
Chemosynthetic

3. Heterotrophic bacteria
Obtain energy from other organisms
Decomposers = decay bacteria
Recycle essential nutrients

4. Autotrophic bacteria Make their own organic compounds
1. Photosynthetic
2. Chemosynthetic: release energy from chemical compounds such as H2S & CH4

5. Cyanobacteria Blue-green algae, primitive plant-like bacteria
Phylum Cyanobacteria
First photosynthetic organisms on earth

6. Stromatolites
Calcareous (fossil) mounds formed by blue-green algae 3 b.y.a.

7. Red tides
Some are caused by cyanobacteria
Cause rashes on swimmers

8. Kingdom Protista Algae - aquatic, photosynthetic organisms Eukaryotic
Single and multi-cellular

9. Diatoms Kingdom Protista Phylum Chrysophyta
Unicellular
Silica (glass) cell walls
Important Primary producers
Diatomaceous earth :
Filters for swimming pools
Temperature and sound insulators
Abrasives (toothpaste)

10. Blooms
Period of rapid diatom or dinoflagellate reproduction

11. Dinoflagellates Kingdom Protista Phylum Pyrrophyta
Planktonic, unicellular
Almost all are marine
Red tides
Release toxins - (Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning) that are concentrated by shellfish
Bioluminescence - Noctiluca

12. Zooxanthellae
Dinoflagellate that lives in the tissue of marine animals such as corals, clams, etc.
When Zooxanthellae leave the corals, they turn white = Coral Bleaching

13. Protozoans Simple, animal-like protists
Foraminiferans
Simple, animal-like protists
Ingest food and are photosynthetic
Single-celled
Foraminiferans - have a shell or “test” of CaCO3
Radiolarians - secrete shells of silica
Radiolarians

14. Kingdom Fungi Multicellular eukaryotic 500 marine species
Decompose dead organic matter

15. Kingdom Plantae Seaweeds (Macroalgae) Challenges to Seaweeds
All eukaryotic
Lack true stems, leaves and roots
Most are multicellular
Challenges to Seaweeds
Wave action and turbulence
Competition for light and space
Predators

16. Structure of Seaweed Thallus – complete plant
Blades - leaf-like portion
Pneumatocysts - gas filled bladders (filled w/CO2)
Holdfast - root-like structure (anchors)holds on to bottom
Stipe – stem

17. Phylum Chlorophyta (Green algae)
Mostly freshwater and terrestrial
10% of species are marine
Ulva

18. Phylum Phaeophyta (Brown Algae)
Almost all species are marine
Sargassum (Sargasso seaweed)
Macrocystis (Giant Kelp)
plants grow up to 300 ft
can grow 20”/day
form kelp beds or kelp forests
Harvested for Algin (used in cosmetics and ice cream).

19. Phylum Rhodophyta (Red Algae)
Highest commercial value
Fertilizer and animal feed
Agar and carrageenan: gelling and thickening agents
Coralline algae: have calcium carbonate in cell walls.
Species: Nori (Porphyra), Irish Moss