1. Homework Bell Ringer
What was the title of the character Jafar in the Disney production of Aladdin?

2. The Muslim Empires “The Gunpowder Empires”

4. Reminders of the Early Islamic Empires
Religion created by Prophet Muhammad in 622 AD.
After death – succession issue – two sects of Islam – Sunni and Shiite created
Early Empires spread Islam through jihads across North Africa into southern Europe

5. ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc
©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license.

6. Abbasid borders threatened in East – hire Seljuks to protect them (oops)
©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license.

7. Crusades – start 1095

8. Rise of the Ottoman Turks
Late 13th century: Northwest corner of the Anatolian Peninsula
Expanded westward and eventually controlled the Bosporus and the Dardanelles
By 14th century,
expanded into Balkans

9. Rise of the Ottoman Turks
Ottoman rulers claim the title of sultan
Began to build a strong military with elite guards called janissaries +
Knowledge of firearms and mastering of technology =
Begin to spread Ottoman control in the Balkans

10. Expansion of the Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Fall of Byzantine Empire
New Ottoman Capital at Constantinople
(later named Istanbul)

11. Expansion of the Empire
Western Asia and Africa
: Sultan Selim I took control of Mesopotamia, Egypt and Arabia
Declared himself the new caliph (defender of the faith and successor to Muhammad)
Administered regions through local rulers: pashas were appointed to collect taxes, maintain law, and be responsible to the sultan’s court

12. Suleyman I “The Magnificent” 1520
Europe
Conquered most of Hungary, moved into Austria, and advanced as far as Vienna, where they were finally defeated in 1529
Extended power into Mediterranean until defeat by the Spanish Philip II at the Battle of Lepanto (1571)

13. The Nature of Ottoman Rule
Head of Empire: Sultan
supreme authority in both a political and military sense
Position was hereditary
Elite guard: janissaries

14. The Nature of Ottoman Rule
Istanbul was center of power
Administrative purposes
Private residence
harem (sacred place)
Controlled bureaucracy through an imperial council
Chief minister: grand vizier
Empire was divided into provinces and districts, each governed by officials
Where have I heard of the term “vizier” before? hmm

15. Ottoman Society Sultan Ruling Class Merchants Artisans Peasants
Pastoral People

16. Ottoman Women
Subject to same restrictions as women in other Muslim societies
Harem
Position was somewhat better
More tolerant in defining legal position of women
Allowed to own and inherit property
Could not be forced into marriage
Certain cases, permitted a divorce
Could gain considerable power within the palace

17. Problems in the Ottoman Empire
1490s – Explorers were trying to cut the Ottomans out of global trade.
Beginning of 1600s: internal disintegration
Sultans less involved in government = allowed ministers to exercise more power
Central bureaucracy lost links with rural areas = corruption and taxes rose
Constant wars = depleted treasury
Westernization
1699: began to lose territory

18. Ottoman Art Greatest contribution: Architecture Mosques
Flourishing of textiles and rugs

19. Decline of Ottoman Empire
Sick Man Of Europe

20. Jan. 2015
Which statement best describes an effect of the westward expansion of the Ottoman Empire under Suleiman the Magnificent? (1) Wealthy citizens adopted Russian dress. (2) Islam became a major religion in the Balkans. (3) Trade was disrupted throughout the Indian Ocean. (4) Janissaries were stripped of their military power.

21. Aug 2014
Which geographic region made up much of the Ottoman Empire? (1) Scandinavia (2) Iberian Peninsula (3) Indian Subcontinent (4) eastern Mediterranean Basin