1. Birth Control &
Sterilization

3. Considerations: Abstinence is a normal and acceptable choice.
Any method of birth control is better than none at all.
Is there any STD protection?
Any method used should be mutually acceptable by both parties
There should be mutual responsibility by both partners.
Any method that will best avoid user failure should be used prior to sexual intercourse.

4. Considerations continued
How will it fit into your lifestyle?
How effective will it be? (Perfect use vs. Imperfect use)
How safe will it be?
How affordable is it?
Is it reversible?

5. Definitions:
Birth Control: methods designed to alter the conditions necessary for conception and/or pregnancy to occur
Contraception: interferes with successful fertilization of an ovum by chemical, physical, or surgical methods.
Interception: prevents implantation of a fertilized ovum by chemical or physical means.
*Number of pregnancies expected per 100 women who use this method for one year.

6. The Male Condom Barrier Method
Latex, Polyurethane, “Natural” “Lambskin”
Should be used by those who have multiple sex partners.
Most effective reducing the risk of HIV & STD transmission especially when combined with a spermicide.
Animal tissue condoms do not protect against HIV or Hep. B

7. Condom Continued:
*Out of 100 women who use this method, may get pregnant.
Cost is minimal if not free.
Do not use oil-based lubricants on latex condoms! Ex. Baby oil, lotions, massage oils, petroleum jelly. They will weaken the condom, causing it to tear or break!

8. Corey the Condoms advice-
Advantages-
Prevention of STD’s
Easy to obtain (drug stores, supermarkets)
Can be used with other methods to increase effectiveness
Disadvantages-
Male controlled
Interrupts spontaneity
Breakage
Not put on correctly
Allergic reactions
Latex condoms offer the best protection against
STD’s in both males and females.

9. The Female Condom Initiated in 1988. For sale in US in 1993.
Considered a barrier method
Made of lubricated polyurethane that fits the contours of the vagina
It collects semen and helps prevent the transmission of body fluids between partners during intercourse
Recommended to also use a spermicide for maximum protection.
*Out of 100 women who use this method, about 20 may get pregnant.
Cannot be used in conjunction with the male condom.

10. Connie condoms advice-
Advantages-
Easy access
Cost (minimal)
Highly effective if used correctly and consistently
Effectiveness rating goes up with use of a spermicide
Very effective against STD’s.
Disadvantages-
Difficulty inserting
Spermicide can be messy
Interrupts spontaneity
The outer ring can slip inside exposing ejaculate.

12. The Cervical Cap Barrier Method Effectiveness:
Soft latex or silicone cup with a round rim, which fits snugly around the cervix.
Effectiveness:
*Out of 100 women who use this method, about may get pregnant.
Only 4 sizes
Must leave in for 6 hours after having sex
You may leave the cap in for up to 48 hours

13. Advantages: Disadvantages: No medicinal or hormonal side effects
Long lasting (years)
Disadvantages:
Can be messy to insert
Must put the cap in the vagina before sex.
Allergies
No STD protection!
A doctor’s visit to fit.

14. Diaphragm’s Barrier method
*Out of 100 women who use this method, about 15 may get pregnant
Both diaphragms and caps are difficult to use and are specially fit. Do not share!

15. Advantages: Disadvantages- Same as cervical cap
You must leave in for 6 hours after having sex
It can be left in place for up to 24 hours
Disadvantages-
Increased risk of bladder infection
Similar to cervical cap.
Cannot use during vaginal bleeding or infection
You need to use more spermicide every time you have sex

16. “The Pill” Hormonal method of birth control.
Pills contain estrogen or progestin or both depending on the pill.
“Combination” pills have both hormones
“Mini” pills contain only the hormone progestin
These hormones work in different ways in order to prevent pregnancy
The pill must be taken everyday and at the same time to reach maximum effectiveness.

17. “The Pill”
Combination pills prevent the release of the egg from the ovaries
Both types thicken the cervical mucus
Both prevent a fertilized from implanting in the uterus
*Out of 100 women who use this method, about 5 may get pregnant

18. “The Pill” Advantages- Does not interfere with spontanaeity
More regular periods
Less cramping, acne, iron deficiency and menstrual flow
Protects against some cancers (ovarian and endometrial), and PID

19. “The Pill” Disadvantages:
Must be taken daily, same time weather or not you have sex
Health risks for women over 35 (depression, weight gain or loss, irregular bleeding, nausea)
If you miss one or more pills, or start a pill pack too late, you may need to use a back up method of birth control

20. Implantable Rod Hormonal method
Implants one match stick size capsule under skin
Constantly releases the hormone progestin
Prevents release of the egg
Thickens cervical mucus
Prevents implantation
Reversal can be done at any time
Out of 100 women who use this method, less than 1 may get pregnant
                                                                                                                                

21. Implantable Rod Advantages: May last for up to 3 years No daily pill
Does not interfere with spontaneity

22. Implantable Rod Disadvantages:
Side effects that are similar to the pill.
Possible visibility
NO STI protection
Acne, weight gain, mood changes, depression, hair loss, change in periods

23. Shot or Injection “Depo-Provera”
“The Shot” contains the hormone progestin
*Out of 100 women who use this method, less than one may get pregnant
Pregnancy protection for 12 weeks or 3 months.

24. Advantages- 3 month protection against pregnancy No daily pill
Reduces menstrual cramps
Helps protect against endometrial cancer
Most private form of BC

25. Shot-Injection Disadvantages:
Similar side effects as the pill. These side effects cannot be reversed until medication wears off.
May cause a delay in getting pregnant until shots are stopped.
You may have bone loss if you get the shot for more than 2 years
Weight gain, Breast tenderness, Headaches

26. Sterilization
For obvious reasons this not recommended for teens. Usually for those adults over 35.
Involves an operation to keep sperm from joining the egg.
Out of 100 women who use this method, less than 1 may get pregnant.
Usually is not reversible

27. Tubal Ligation Much more difficult than male vasectomy
Blocks egg from from moving through the fallopian tube
Ovulation and menstrual cycle will continue normally
Does not alter the sexual response cycle
Cost can reach up to $2500 dollars

28. Vasectomy Blocks sperm from moving passed the vas deferens
The vas deferens is cut on each side of the scrotum
Is usually not sterile immediately after surgery
The sexual response cycle will continue normally.
The ejaculate will be spermless
This procedure is extremely effective and simple to do
Cost is approximately $500

29. A vasectomy is a safe and easy procedure
A vasectomy is a safe and easy procedure. The male may experience some swelling after procedure is finished. New procedures make the surgery a relative painless one.

30. Intrauterine Device
A small plastic device that contains a fine copper wire that is made to impede the sperm and also prevent implantation
IUD may also contain a contraceptive hormone
Not recommended for teens.
Ideally used for females who have completed childbearing
A steady monogamous relationship
If a female becomes pregnant the IUD must be removed.

31. IUD Out of 100 women who use this method, less than 1 may get pregnant
It must be inserted into the uterus
Cost can be $350-$500 dollars
Up to 12 years of pregnancy protection

32. IUD Concerns Side effects may include muscle cramps and bleeding
Pelvic infections may occur
Any history of past infections or STD’s should not use this form of BC

33. Spermicides: foams, cream, gels
Usually applied before intercourse
The chemical ingredient is nonoxynol-9.
Spermicide is spread around during intercourse blocking the cervix forming a mechanical and chemical barrier.
Usually used in conjunction with condoms, caps and diaphragms.
Usually applied no more than 30 minutes before intercourse.
Is only good for one act of intercourse.
*Out of 100 women who use this method, 30 may get pregnant

34. Spermicides: foams, cream, gels
Spermicide blocks the cervix, so sperm cannot travel to the egg.
Instructions can be different for each type of spermicide.

35. Withdrawal Male pulls out penis before ejaculation
Watch out for pre-ejaculate fluid
Effectiveness is %
Typically better than no method at all.
Disadvantages-
Some men lack the experience and self control
Some men have been known to say they will withdraw and don’t
Some men ejaculate very quickly without realizing it
No STD protection!

36. Objective #1=Abstinence
Disadvantages:
There are none!!
Advantages-
Always effective
No worries or emotional concerns.
Always pregnancy protection
Always STD protection
No cost

37. Encouraging abstinence
Date in groups
Positive moral and religious beliefs.
Value of self.
Don’t date or hang with the older crowd.
Date someone with similar beliefs.
Stay in safe committed relationships.