1. © 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Chapter 1 Introduction to the Structural Units

2. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Anatomy and Physiology Anatomy –Shape and structure of an organism’s body and the relationship of one body part to another Physiology –Function of each body part and how the functions of various body parts coordinate to form a complete living organism

3. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Branches of Anatomy Gross anatomy Microscopic anatomy Developmental anatomy Comparative anatomy Systematic anatomy

4. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Terms for Location or Position and Direction Anterior or ventral –Front or in front of Posterior or dorsal –Back or in back of Cephalic and caudal –Toward the “head end” or “tail end” Superior and inferior –Above or below another

5. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Terms for Location or Position and Direction © 2014 Cengage Learning.

6. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Terms for Location or Position and Direction Medial and lateral –Toward or away from the midline Proximal and distal –Toward or away from the point of attachment or origin Superficial/external and internal –On or near the surface or deep inside

7. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Terms for Location or Position and Direction © 2014 Cengage Learning.

8. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Body Planes and Sections Sagittal plane –Right and left parts Midsagittal plane –Equal right and left parts Coronal (frontal) plane –Vertical at right angles to the sagittal plane Transverse or cross section –Horizontal; divides body into upper and lower parts

9. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Body Planes and Sections © 2014 Cengage Learning.

10. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Body Cavities Dorsal cavity –Brain and spinal cord –Cranial cavity –Spinal cavity Thoracic cavity Abdominopelvic cavity –Abdominal cavity –Pelvic cavity

11. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Body Cavities © 2014 Cengage Learning.

12. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Abdominopelvic Cavity Regions Epigastric region (upper) –Just below sternum Right and left hypochondriac –Just below ribs Umbilical (middle) –Located around the navel

13. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Abdominopelvic Cavity Regions Right and left lumbar –Extend from anterior to posterior Hypogastric (lower) –Pubic area Right and left iliac –Also called right and left inguinal areas

14. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Abdominopelvic Cavity Regions © 2014 Cengage Learning.

15. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Smaller Cavities Orbital cavity –Eyes, eyeball muscles, optic nerves, and lacrimal (tear) ducts Nasal cavity –Parts that form the nose Buccal cavity –Teeth and tongue

16. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Life Functions Living organisms may be one-celled organisms or multi-celled organisms. They include humans, plants, animals, etc. All living organisms are capable of carrying on life functions.

17. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Life Functions These functions allow living organisms to live, grow, and maintain themselves.

18. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Life Functions Movement –Muscle system Ingestion –Digestive system Digestion –Digestive system

19. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Life Functions Transport –Circulatory system Respiration –Respiratory system Synthesis –Digestive system

20. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Life Functions Assimilation –Digestive system Growth –Skeletal system Secretion –Endocrine system

21. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Life Functions Excretion –Urinary system Regulation (sensitivity) –Nervous system Reproduction –Reproductive system

22. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Human Development Cells Tissues Organs Organ system

23. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Body Processes Metabolism –Functional activities of the cell that result in growth, repair, energy release, use of food, and secretions Anabolism –Building up Catabolism –Breaking down

24. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Homeostasis Ability of the body to regulate its internal environment within narrow limits Essential to survival Works on a negative feedback system

25. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Metric System Measurements for length, weight, and volume A decimal system Based on the power of ten Uses prefixes such as centi-, milli-, and micro-

26. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Metric System Lengths measured in meters Weights measured in grams Volumes measured in liters