1. Research Proposal by Dr. I. Selvaraj B. SC. ,M. B. B. S. ,M. D. ,D. P
Research Proposal by Dr.I.Selvaraj B.SC.,M.B.B.S.,M.D.,D.P.H.,D.I.H PGCH&FW(NIHFW, NewDelhi) Indian Railways Medical Service (VRS) Assistant Professor Public Health Consultant Community medicine specialist Health &Family welfare consultant Industrial health consultant Epidemiologist

2. Dear Sir/Madam, This power point presentation on Research proposal will be an excellent resource for students doing research . My best wishes DR.I.SELVARAJ

3. Research refers to a search for knowledge
Research means a scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic
In fact, research is an art of scientific investigation.
The purpose of research is to discover answers to questions through the application of scientific procedures

4. Type of Research study
To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve new insights into it (Exploratory or formulative research studies
To describe accurately the characteristics of a particular individual, situation or a group (Descriptive research studies)
To determine the frequency with which something occurs or with which it is associated with something else (Diagnostic research studies)
To test a hypothesis of a causal relationship between variables (Hypothesis-testing research studies).

5. Descriptive research includes surveys and fact-finding
enquiries. The main characteristic of this method is that
the researcher has no control over the variables; he can
only report what has happened or what is happening
In analytical research, on the other hand, the researcher has to
use facts or information already available, and analyze these to make
a critical evaluation of the material.
Applied research aims at finding a solution for an
immediate problem facing a society or an industrial/business
organisation
“Gathering knowledge for knowledge’s sake is termed ‘pure’ or
‘basic’ research.”

6. Attitude or opinion research i. e
Attitude or opinion research i.e., research designed to find out how people feel or what they think about a particular subject or institution is also qualitative research
Empirical research is data-based research, experimental type of research. Such research is thus characterised by the experimenter’s control over the variables under study and his deliberate manipulation of one of them to study its effects

7. One-time research or longitudinal research
Field-setting research or laboratory research or
Simulation research
Clinical or diagnostic research
Historical research
Conclusion-oriented
and decision-oriented

8. RESEARCH PROPOSAL Any Medical research / Epidemiological
study should have a proper proposal in
written form before it is actually carried
out
It is like a blue print of a building plan
before the construction starts

9. Writing a research proposal is both
science and art
A good research proposal is based on scientific facts and on the art of clear communication

10. be started by the time one has decided on the topic for the study
Writing a formal research proposal should
be started by the time one has decided on
the topic for the study

11. Go to next slide

12. Objective
Justification
Introduction
Background /Review of literature
Methodology
Time frame and work schedule/Gantt chart
Personnel needed / available
Facilities needed / available
Budget

13. Objectives This is a very important and pivotal section
and everything else in the study is centered
around it
The objective of the proposed study should
be stated very clearly
The objective stated should be specific, achievable and measurable
Too many objectives to be avoided
Even just one clearly stated relevant objective for a study would be good enough
If there is more than one objective the objectives can be presented in the appropriate order of importance

14. Introduction
The problem proposed to be studied
is introduced in this section
It should help the reader to acquaint
with the topic

15. Introduction should be short about one
or two pages
The problem should be stated in such a
way that it’s importance and relevance
is realized by any one who reads it

16. Background (Review of Literature)
This section reflects extensive review of literature done by the investigator
In this section what is already known about the topic is written including the lacunae
Just quoting the literature verbatim will not serve the purpose
It is important to make it coherent, relevant and easily readable knowledge
It helps the investigator to gain good knowledge in that field of inquiry
It also helps the investigator to have insight on different methodologies that could be applied

17. Research methodology
Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem. It may be understood as a science of studying how research is done scientifically

18. It is necessary for the researcher to know not only the research methods/techniques but also the methodology.
Researchers not only need to know how to develop certain indices or tests and how to calculate the mean, the mode, the median or the standard deviation or chi-square etc.,

19. It is essential to discuss procedures clearly
and completely with considerable amount
of details

20. Study design
Study population / Sampling specifications
Sample size needed
Instrumentation
Specific procedures

21. Study design Definition: A study design is a specific plan
or protocol for conducting the study, which
allows the investigator to translate the
conceptual hypothesis into an operational
one.

22. The study design should be clearly
stated
The study design to be used should be
appropriate for achieving the objective
of the study

23. Study population / Sample specifications 
It is important to describe which would be
the study population
How study subjects would be selected,
randomization process and other details
should be given

24. Sample size It is important to mention in the protocol what
would be the minimum sample required and how
it is arrived

25. Determination of sample size is a
bargain between precision and the
price (Resources & expenses involved)

26. Description of process
Proposal should include the details of all process
to be adopted in the study
How exposures, outcome variables and other
variables are going to be measured should be described in
detail
A brief description of how the data will be processed
and use of statistical package if any should be given
What statistical tests of significance would be used?

27. Time Frame & Work Schedule
The proposal should include the sequence of
tasks to be performed, the anticipated length
of time required for its completion and the
personnel required

28. It can be presented in tabular or graphic form (Gantt chart)
Flow charts and other diagrams are often
useful for highlighting the sequencing and
interrelationship of different activities in the
study

29. Facilities
The proposal should also include the
important facilities required / available
for the study namely computers, laboratories, special equipment etc

30. Personnel
Proposal should include who are the primary investigators and co- investigators, their qualifications, research experience etc
The proposal may also include the Major
roles to be taken up by different investigators

31. Budget
The budget translates project activities
into monetary terms
It is a statement of how much money will
be required to accomplish the various tasks

32. Budget Major items Salary for staff Travel Purchase of equipment
Printing / Xeroxing
Consultancy charges
Institutional overheads

33. Acknowledgement 1. Dr. B. W. C
Acknowledgement 1.Dr.B.W.C.Sathyasekaran, Professor,SRMC&RI(DU) Refence: 1. Basic epidemiology R.Beaglehole,R.Bonita,T.Kjellstrom 2 World health organization.Health research methodology:Aguide for training in researh methods 3.Oxford text book of public health 4.Handout on workshop on epidemiology at SRMC&RI(2006,2007,2008)

34. Thanking you