1. Robbins and Judge (2011) suggest transformational leaders inspire or motivate followers to transcend their own self-interests and are capable of having a profound and extraordinary effect on followers. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr’s abilities to express his moralistic approach to civil rights led followers to a sense of intrinsic motivation which they developed into a movement that peacefully became his vision of an effectual nonviolent direct- action program (King, 1963) (Northouse, 2007). Dr. King provides one example of an effective transformational leader. Robbins and Judge (2011) suggest transactional leaders guide or motivate their followers in the direction of established goals by clarifying role and task requirements.

2.  The Forbes.com list of the 100 most powerful women rates Ms. Nooyi at number 3 in 2009 (Forbes.com, 2010b) and at number 6 in 2010 (Forbes.com, 2010a). Her work at PepsiCo involves a strong commitment to diversity and inclusion goals for her company (PepsiCo, 2010). Ms. Nooyi’s and PepsiCo’s goals associated with the programs “Performance with Purpose” and “Promise of PepsiCo” have achieved success and are listed as ways to make significant progress towards sustainable growth (PepsiCo, 2010). These programs include goals of investing in a healthier future for people and the planet as significant ingredients in PepsiCo’s business plan (PepsiCo, 2010).  Recruitment and retention involve strategies represented by these PepsiCo (2010) programs. Training and mentoring provide significant employee retention strategies that motivate workers while assisting with PepsiCo’s success under Indra Nooyi’s successful and continued leadership role (Cañas & Sondak, 2010). Proposed growth at PepsiCo can be achieved with incentives such as training as one form of reward that may reduce costs by reducing turnover (Robbins & Coulter, 2009). Transactional Leadership factors include Northouse, 2007): 1. Contingent reward 2. Constructive transactions 3. Management by exception involving negative feedback and corrective criticism. 4. Active and passive leadership 5. Corrective transactions

3.  Forbes.com (2010a). World’s most powerful women (2010): Indra Nooyi. Retrieve from: http://www.forbes.com/profile/indra-nooyi  Forbes.com (2010b). World’s most powerful women (2010): Indra Nooyi. Retrieve from: http://www.forbes.com/lists/2009/11/power- women-09_Indra-Nooyi_1S5D.html  Northouse, P. G. (2007). Leadership: Theory and Practice (Fourth Edition). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.  King, Dr Martin Luther JR. (1963, 1991). “Letter from Birmingham Jail”. Oneonta, NY: The Hartwick Humanities in Management Institute.  Robbins, S. & Judge T. (2011). Organizational Behavior 14 th edition. New York, NY, Prentice Hall.