1. V ITAMIN D By: Angela Verrill Kaplan University HW499- Unit 4

2. W HAT IS V ITAMIN D Secosteroid hormone – interacts with almost 1000 genes in the body Factor in the study of disease for the following: Heart disease StrokeHypertension Multiple Sclerosis Diabetes Depression Chronic Pain Osteoarthritis Osteoporosis Birth DefectsPeriodontal Disease Cancer 3 forms of Vitamin D : Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) – naturally occurs from skin exposure to sun, can be in a supplement Calcidiol – found in your blood, 25-hydroxyvitamin D Calcitriol (active form of Vitamin D) – made from calcidiol in the kidneys & other tissues

3. W HERE IS V ITAMIN D F OUND Fatty fish like: herring, mackerel, sardines,& tuna Dairy products, juices, fortified cereals Sunlight Supplements Laboratory made medicine

4. E FFECTIVENESS OF V ITAMIN D Effective Treat Osteomalacia Familial hyphophophatemia Fanconi syndrome Psoriasis Low blood calcium levels Renal osteodystrophy Rickets Vitamin D deficiency Likely effective Treating osteoporosis Prevent falls, decrease body sway & blood pressure Reducing bone loss

5. E FFECTIVENESS OF V ITAMIN D C ONT … Possibly effective Reduce Multiple sclerosis (MS) Prevent Cancer Weight loss Respiratory infections Reduce risk of rheumatoid arthritis Reduce bone loss Prevent tooth loss Possibly ineffective Breast cancer High blood pressure Improve muscle strength Prevent bone loss in those with kidney transplants

6. E FFECTIVENESS OF V ITAMIN D C ONT … Insufficient Evidence Asthma symptoms Heart Disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) High cholesterol Gum disease Diabetes Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) * Other conditions not listed fall under this category but there no information to give besides the name of the condition

7. S IDE E FFECTS Side effects are not common unless too much is taken If too much is taken they are: Weakness Fatigue Sleepiness Headache Loss of appetite Dry mouth Metallic taste Nausea Vomiting

8. D AILY D OSE OF V ITAMIN D Infants – Ages – 12 months – 400 IU/day Pregnant & lactating women – 600 IU/day Ages 1-70yrs – 600 IU/day Ages 71yrs & older - 800 IU/day Older adults - prevent osteoporosis & fractures – 400– 1000 IU/day, higher dose of 1000 – 2000 IU/day recommended by some Prevent falls – 800–1000 IU/day with calcium of 1000- 1200 mg/day Prevent MS – 400 IU/day in the form of multivitamin Postmenopausal women - prevent all cancers – vitamin D3 1100 IU/day with 1400-1500 mg/day Prevent flu – 1200 IU/day

9. V ITAMIN D D EFICIENCY More likely to be deficient are : People with darker skin People who spend a lot of time inside People who cover their skin People who live in North of the US or Canada Older people Infants who are breastfed without a supplement Pregnant women People overweight or obese Symptoms tiredness & General aches & pains Severe deficiency– pain in bones & weakness Frequent infections.

10. R EFERENCES WebMD. (2014). vitamin d: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions and Warnings - WebMD. Retrieved from http://www.webmd.com/vitamins- supplements/ingredientmono-929- vitamin%20d.aspx?activeingredientid=929&activeing redientname=vitamin%20d http://www.webmd.com/vitamins- supplements/ingredientmono-929- vitamin%20d.aspx?activeingredientid=929&activeing redientname=vitamin%20d Koslo, MS, RD, CSSD, ACE-CPT, J. (2011). KAPLAN UNIVERSITY: Herbs for Fall and Winter Wellness. Retrieved from http://healthandwellness.kaplan.edu/articles/nu trition/Vitamin D The Wonder Vitamin.html http://healthandwellness.kaplan.edu/articles/nu trition/Vitamin D The Wonder Vitamin.html Vitamin D Council. (2014). Am I deficient in Vitamin D? | Vitamin D Council. Retrieved from http://www.vitamindcouncil.org/about-vitamin-d/am-i- deficient-in-vitamin- d/?gclid=CO7DtZKR9sACFSsV7AodslkAqw http://www.vitamindcouncil.org/about-vitamin-d/am-i- deficient-in-vitamin- d/?gclid=CO7DtZKR9sACFSsV7AodslkAqw