1. Measuring in the Field

2. Reasonable precisions for different methods of measuring distances are: Pacing (ordinary terrain): 1 /50 to 1 /100 Taping (ordinary steel tape): 1 /1000 to 1 /10,000. Baseline (invar tape ): 1 /50,000 to 1/ 1,000,000 Nickel/Steel Alloy from the word invariable Stadia: 1 /300 to 1 /500 Subtense bar: 1 /1000 to 1/ 7000

3. Measuring in the Field Pace Step 1 Place two chaining pins in the ground 30 feet apart. Step 2 Walk from stake to stake counting the number of paces. Repeat back to the other stake. Step 3 Average the two and divide into 30’ This is your pace. Dividing your pace into any distance will give you the number of paces needed.

4. Measuring in the Field Pace Reasonable Precision – 1/50 to 1/100

5. Measuring in the Field Stadia Reasonable Precision – 1/100 to 1/1000

6. Measuring in the Field Stadia

7. Measuring in the Field Taping (ordinary steel tape): Also called Chaining 1 /1000 to 1 /10,000

8. Measuring in the Field Subtense Bar 1 /1000 to 1/ 7000

9. Measuring in the Field Total Station- Accuracy Varies

10. Order of Accuracy First Order1:100,000 Second Order (class I) 1:50,000 Second Order (class II) 1:20,000 Third Order (class I)1:10,000 Third Order (class II)1:5000

11. Order of Accuracy Problems Handouts

12. Measuring in the Field Steel Tape Measuring Problems in the field Temperature Sag

13. Temperature Handouts