2. Jump to first page 1 Child Health and Islam Lessons for health promotion Nicola Ruck MSc DHEd Health & Development Consultant, Bradford, UK

3. Jump to first page 2 Objectives of the presentation Students will have a greater awareness of: n the Islamic contribution to health promotion n the importance of child care in Islam n methods of health education and health promotion for Muslim communities

4. Jump to first page 3 History of health education and prevention of illness

5. 4 Islamic concepts of prevention from the 12th century n Importance of personal hygiene n Disease as an imbalance of natural processes n Avoidance of alcohol and excess food Recognition of environmental pollution as a cause of disease      

6. Jump to first page 5 Health promotion through Islamic Lifestyles : The Amman Declaration 1409/1989 n Produced by WHO EMRO and Islamic organisations to promote good health in Islamic communities. Key points : Ô responsibility of professionals for health education Ô Islamic context helps understanding Ô Islam advocates consultation, cooperation and self-reliance.

7. Jump to first page 6 Health promotion through Islamic Lifestyles: The Amman Declaration 1409/1989 n See notes for the full text of the Amman Declaration    

8. Jump to first page 7 World Health Organisation series of publications Health Education through religion series: The Right Path to Health 1. Islamic Rulings in SmokingIslamic Rulings in Smoking 2. Water and Sanitation in IslamWater and Sanitation in Islam 3. Islamic Ruling on Animal SlaughterIslamic Ruling on Animal Slaughter 4. Health Promotion through Islamic Lifestyles; the Amman DeclarationHealth Promotion through Islamic Lifestyles; the Amman Declaration 5. The Role of Religion and Ethics in the Prevention and Control of AIDSThe Role of Religion and Ethics in the Prevention and Control of AIDS 6. Health an Islamic Perspective Health an Islamic Perspective 7. Environmental Health an Islamic PerspectiveEnvironmental Health an Islamic Perspective 8. Islamic Rulings on Male and Female Circumcision Islamic Rulings on Male and Female Circumcision

9. Jump to first page 8 Community-based health promotion : Islamic concepts n Zat al bain : essential bonds within a community n Fard el kifaya : Collective duty to care about others n Duty to help communities to be self- sufficient n Responsibility of professionals to apply their knowledge to improve health 

10. Jump to first page 9 Community: what does it mean? n A group of people living in one locality n a group who share beliefs n a group who share interests n communities are not homogeneous: they contain contain rich and poor, old and young, weak and strong

11. Jump to first page 10 Child Care in Islam Islam emphasises the importance of children’s health. The book “Child Care in Islam” by Al Azhar University, Cairo summarises Islamic principles on: n state and right of the child n child survival and development n nutrition and health n child rearing in Islam n hygiene

12. Jump to first page 11 Child Care in Islam Islamic principles and messages from religious texts. For example: n “There is no bigger sin than neglecting your dependents” n “Eat and drink but waste not by excess.” n “Educate your children for they are born for a time that is not yours.”

13. Jump to first page 12 Child Care in Islam More examples of relevant messages from religious texts: n “…...start with the girls first” n “Cleanliness is half the faith” n “Islam has instructed us to wash (hands) before and after our meals, as well as during ablutions”, and many other instructions to wash regularly and keep the body clean.

14. Jump to first page 13 Translating messages into health education n The messages are not enough on their own. n To achieve understanding and changes in behaviour, a good communication process is needed. n Health educators need to consider Ô Who delivers the message? Ô and How ?

15. Jump to first page 14 C omponents of a health education programme: n consultation with communities involved n agreeing target groups n objectives of the programme n the priority messages n appropriate health educators n suitable locations n the type of communication n the method of evaluation

16. Jump to first page 15 Consultation :   Islamic structures can enable appropriate health education n Shura is consultation between people and their leaders n Waqfs are contributions to welfare n Health authorities cooperate with Shura n Responsibilities of communities, mosques and madrasas

17. Jump to first page 16 Example: components of a health education programme for Muslim women on healthy infant feeding n Consultation: health team consult the local Shura council, religious leaders. Female health workers consult older women and women’s organisations. Male leaders are asked to consult and represent female family members. Use of Waqfs resources for meetings. n Objectives are agreed, such as: Ù to provide support to every mother who wishes to breastfeed; Ù to ensure all women know the best local foods for weaning infants.

18. Jump to first page 17 Example of health education programme on infant feeding continued n Messages: for example Ù “Mothers shall suckle their children for two years” (Quran II 233) Ù Rice is a good weaning food n Health educators: women over 25 yrs and wives or sisters of leaders and health workers. Their training emphasises the value of Fard el kifaya, collective duty to care about others. n Locations: health authorities, Shura and religious leaders help to provide locations. Suitable for women: homes, hospitals and health centres, water sources, social gatherings.

19. Jump to first page 18 Example of health education programme on infant feeding continued n Communication of the messages by female health educators; individual and group discussions; two-way communication rather than lectures; listening to women’s problems; audio-visual materials such as stories, pictures, calendars, demonstrations of weaning foods. n Evaluation by Ù survey of breastfeeding and weaning, acceptable to women Ù interviews to assess satisfaction of mothers Ù review by health team and Shura council.

20. Jump to first page 19 Health education planning cycle Objectives and messages Women health educators Training using Islamic values Two-way communication in locations for women Evaluation by health educators and women Shura and community consultation

21. Jump to first page 20 Islamic scholarship made a historical contribution to health education  Today Islam can contribute messages, structures and policies   Combining systematic planning and Islamic structures can improve health education for Muslim communities  Summary 