1. Dr. Joanna Bennett

2. Psychiatric Nursing Assessment Central component is the patient/clinical interview Psychiatric evaluation – Psychiatrist Psychiatric assessment within nursing process as model of care – nurse Begins with 1 st contact Based on establishing rapport/trust – therapeutic relationship

3. Psychiatric Nursing Assessment History of present illness Past psychiatric history History of substance use Medical history Development, psychosocial, socio-cultural Occupational Family history

4. Psychiatric Nursing Assessment Legal history Review of systems Physical examination Mental Status Examination Diagnostic tests (psychiatric evaluation) Clinical formulation Diagnosis Care Plan

5. Mental Status Examination Mental status examination (MSE) is a core skill of mental health practitioners. A key part of the initial psychiatric assessment Entails systematic collection of data based on observation of the patient's behavior while the patient is in the clinician's view during the interview.

6. Mental Status Examination The purpose of the MSE: to obtain evidence of symptoms and signs of mental disorders danger to self and others information on the patient's insight, judgment, and capacity for abstract reasoning

7. Mental Status Examination Signs and symptoms must be those present at the time of the interview MSE is used to inform decisions about treatment strategy and an appropriate treatment setting

8. Mental Status Examination MSE is conducted in the manner of an informal enquiry using open and closed questions structured tests to assess cognition Information is usually recorded as free- form text using standard headings

9. Appearance & Behaviour Includes apparent age, height, weight, and manner of dress and grooming Body type, Posture, Hair and nails Colorful or bizarre clothing unkempt, dirty clothes signs of malnutrition needle track marks - drug abuse

10. Mental Status Examination MSE is used, together with the psychiatric history, to generate a diagnosis, and a treatment plan.

11. Appearance & Behaviour General behaviour Level of distress Degree of eye contact Attitude towards the interviewer

12. Appearance & Behaviour “Mr Y presents with good self-care and grooming. He was courteous and respectful throughout interview” “Ms X is a 40 year old female looking older than stated age who was disheveled and malodorous at time of interview. She had a stooped posture and maintained poor eye contact”

13. Motor activity Level of psychomotor activity Presence of gait abnormalities Purposeless, repetitive unusual posture or movement Tremors, akathisia, dyskinesias Catatonic posturing Echopraxia (imitating others movements)

14. Speech Rate, Rhythm, Volume, Amount etc. Poverty of speech Mutism Flight of ideas – accelerated with abrupt changes of topic Pressured speech - rapid, accelerated, frenzied, jumbled and cluttered

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16. Speech “ Mr Y’s speech was of normal rate, quality and form”. Miss X’s speech was pressured and over inclusive when answering Thought blocking appeared evident during the conversation with John

17. Mood & Affect Mood – internal, subjective sustained Depression, hypomania, dysphoria Affect – externally observable, changeable Intensity, stability, appropriateness Euphoria, anger, sadness Blunted (reduction), flat (absence)

18. Thought processes Flow of ideas Vagueness Incoherence Circumstantiality – excessive or irrelevant details Tangentiality – oblique, irrelevant Word salad – words & phrases lack comprehension

19. Thought content What the person is actually thinking (Ideas & beliefs) Suicide/homicidal Delusions (content and effect) Grandiose Persecution Religious Control

20. Thought content “ Mr X described feelings of being followed and being under surveillance. He stated that Digicel had implanted two microchips into his brain through which they could monitor his thoughts. According to Mr X’s Mother he had locked himself in his room for days and would only come out for meals”. “Mr Y stated that he was Jewish (according to family this is not the case), and that he was going to sail to Israel to lead the people in the liberation of their homeland.

21. Perception Hallucinations perception absence of external stimulus Any of the senses (Gustatory, Visual, Olfactory, tactile) Auditory - most common voices third person - running commentary on the patient’s actions Second person – talking to the patient

22. Cognition Level of Consciousness Orientation - person, place, time situation Concentration Memory

23. Insight Awareness of problems and their implications Recognition of illness and benefits of treatment Motivation to change - ambivalence to commitment

24. Judgement Capacity to make sound, reasoned and responsible decisions use of standard hypothetical questions More useful to relate to person’s own self- care, recent/current situation or behaviour

25. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NVRP9Umpz4M& feature=em-share_video_user http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NVRP9Umpz4M& feature=em-share_video_user