1. Warm-upReview 1. Explain how the Mayans used terrace farming? 2. Using the Mayan numbering system figure out the following numbers. (3), (5), (9), (10), (17) 3. What type of writing system did the Mayan and the Aztec people use? 4. What were the Aztec floating gardens called? 5. What did the Spaniards unknowingly spread throughout the Aztec empire?

2. Inca: A.R.T.

3. Geography: Andes Mountains The Cuzco Valley located in the Andes Mountains (22,000 feet) South America The Cuzco Valley located in the Andes Mountains (22,000 feet) South America The Andes Mountains were form by volcanoes The Andes Mountains were form by volcanoes

4. Inca Architecture= A The Inca were skilled masonry stone workers The Inca were skilled masonry stone workers They precisely cut blocks, with out iron tools, to fit together perfectly. They precisely cut blocks, with out iron tools, to fit together perfectly.

5. Machu Picchu A royal retreat for the Inca rulers. A royal retreat for the Inca rulers. Built amid sacred mountain peaks. Built amid sacred mountain peaks. It is an engineering accomplishment – massive stone walls, steep staircases and level fields. It is an engineering accomplishment – massive stone walls, steep staircases and level fields.

6. Achievement: Inca Roads= R They had roads that connected the entire vast empire. They had roads that connected the entire vast empire. Roads stretched from sea level to 12,000 feet in elevation Roads stretched from sea level to 12,000 feet in elevation Official runners would carry and relay messages within days across the empire Official runners would carry and relay messages within days across the empire Inca’s could send a message 250 miles in one day Inca’s could send a message 250 miles in one day

7. Official language Although people spoke many different languages, to unify the empire the Incas established an official language – Quechua (Ke-chuch-wuh) Although people spoke many different languages, to unify the empire the Incas established an official language – Quechua (Ke-chuch-wuh) All business had to be done in this language All business had to be done in this language

8. T=Terraces The Inca built terraces into the mountains to grow crops. The Inca built terraces into the mountains to grow crops. The Inca grew potatoes and maize The Inca grew potatoes and maize

9. Working the Land Vertical Economy– raising animals at the top of the mountains and growing food at the bottom of the mountain. Vertical Economy– raising animals at the top of the mountains and growing food at the bottom of the mountain. Top Raise the llamas Bottom Grow all of the crops such as: beans, squash, and beans

10. The First Inca’s: Religion Polytheism: The Inca worshipped the sun, moon, animals Polytheism: The Inca worshipped the sun, moon, animals The Inca made beautiful pottery, gold, and silver objects The Inca made beautiful pottery, gold, and silver objects

11. The People of the Inca: Society Hierarchy of Power: King was the military and religious leader King was the military and religious leader Nobles were people related to the King Nobles were people related to the King Commoners were not Inca blood. People who had been conquered and had little freedom Commoners were not Inca blood. People who had been conquered and had little freedom King Nobles Commoners

12. Society: Inca Kings Inca’s believed that their kings never really die Inca’s believed that their kings never really die The bodies of Inca Kings were preserved as mummies. The bodies of Inca Kings were preserved as mummies. Mummies were dressed in fine cloth and decorated with jewelry. Mummies were dressed in fine cloth and decorated with jewelry. Mummies were given food and drinks and placed close together so they could visit each other Mummies were given food and drinks and placed close together so they could visit each other Many Inca mummies are still preserved today Many Inca mummies are still preserved today

13. Pictures of Mummies

14. Economy Instead of paying taxes Inca had to work for the government (called mita). Instead of paying taxes Inca had to work for the government (called mita). There were no merchants or markets. Goods that were produced from the mita would be distributed to the people. There were no merchants or markets. Goods that were produced from the mita would be distributed to the people. Mita jobs were farming, making cloth and building roads and bridges. Mita jobs were farming, making cloth and building roads and bridges.

15. Other Inca Achievements City of Cuzco —built in the shape of a puma wild cat City of Cuzco —built in the shape of a puma wild cat Suspension bridge - hangs from ropes and cables Suspension bridge - hangs from ropes and cables No written language – Official storytellers passed Inca history orally No written language – Official storytellers passed Inca history orally

16. Decline: Francisco Pizarro Conquers Atahualpa (the king of the Inca empire) heard of the arrival of the Spaniards and agreed to meet with them. Atahualpa (the king of the Inca empire) heard of the arrival of the Spaniards and agreed to meet with them. After Atahualpa denied to convert to Christianity, Pizarro captured him and killed thousand of Inca soldiers. After Atahualpa denied to convert to Christianity, Pizarro captured him and killed thousand of Inca soldiers.

18. The Spaniards Attack To win his freedom back Atahualpa gave Pizarro a room filled with gold and silver (approximately 24 tons) To win his freedom back Atahualpa gave Pizarro a room filled with gold and silver (approximately 24 tons) The Spaniards killed him anyway. The Spaniards killed him anyway. Like the Aztecs, the Inca were weakened by disease and the Spaniards had superior weapons. Like the Aztecs, the Inca were weakened by disease and the Spaniards had superior weapons. By 1537, the Spaniards had controlled the entire region By 1537, the Spaniards had controlled the entire region

20. Montage Clip http://172.26.64.6/SAFARI/montage/play. php?keyindex=2774&chapterskeyindex=1 437&keyconceptskeyindex=- 1&sceneclipskeyindex=-1&location=local http://172.26.64.6/SAFARI/montage/play. php?keyindex=2774&chapterskeyindex=1 437&keyconceptskeyindex=- 1&sceneclipskeyindex=-1&location=local