1. Accelerator Physics  Basic Formalism  Linear Accelerators  Circular Accelerators  Magnets  Beam Optics  Our Accelerator Greg LeBlanc Lead Accelerator Physicist Australian Synchrotron Project

2. Basic Formalism  Only works on charged particles  Electric Fields for Acceleration  Magnetic Fields for Steering  Magnetic fields act perpendicular to the direction of motion.  For a relativistic particle, the force from a 1 Tessla magnetic field corresponds to an Electric field of 300 MV/m Lorentz Force

3. Basic Formalism  Rest Energy:  Relativistic Parameter:  Velocity:  Relativistic Mass   Energy in eV: (Electron rest mass 9.1*10 -31 kg gives a rest energy of 511 keV) Energy

4. Basic Formalism  Particles Relativistic when  1

5. Linear Accelerators  Particles Accelerated in Straight Line  Electrostatic or RF Fields  Planar Wave  Static Case  Lorentz Force  Energy Gain

6. Linear Accelerators  Electron Gun  Van de Graaff generator (~20MV) Electrostatic Accelerators

7. Linear Accelerators  Wideroe Long for low frequency Losses  Alvarez Higher frequency Higher voltages RF Accelerators

8. Linear Accelerators  Travelling Wave  Standing Wave

9. The length of the ith drift tube is where is the velocity of the particles in the ith drift tube and is the rf period. Australian Synchrotron Example: Electrons at the speed of light (a valid approximation above 5 MeV) in a 3 GHz linac Synchronicity in a LINAC

10. Circular Accelerators  Circular Motion in a Magnetic Field Centripetal Force Lorentz Force B, r or T constant

11. Circular Accelerators  Cyclotron Constant B Non-relativistic

12. Circular Accelerators  Microtron Synchronicity for  =integer  E e =n x 511 keV  E p =n x 938 MeV  Race Track Microtron

13. Circular Accelerators  Synchrotron Constant r and T Magnets ‘Ramped’ Storage Ring

14. Magnets Dipoles for Steering  Magnetic Field

15. Magnets  Gradient Quadrupoles for Focusing

16. Magnets  Sextupoles Chromatic effects  Octupoles Correcting Magnetic Errors

17. Beam Optics  Curvilinear System  Motion Relative Ideal Path Coordinate System x y S  y x  ideal path individual particle trajectory

18. Beam Optics  Particle motion determined by magnetic lattice  Studied using simulation software

19. Beam Optics  Machine Functions Beam Motion Beam Size Beam Emittance

20. Beam Optics  Response Matrix Probe the Machine with the Beam Calibrate Models

21. Our Accelerator