1. UNDERSTADNING COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

2. WHY WE NEED COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT?
Community Development improves the situation of a community not just economically, but also as a strong functioning community in itself.
Give an example of a strong functioning and a weak functioning community in our local context.

3. The five capitals of a community
PHYSICAL: manufactured assets such as machinery.
FINANCIAL: liquid assets, like money , bank accounts and stock or bonds.
HUMAN: the set of skills which an employee acquires on job, through training and experience, and which increase that employee’s value in the market place.
SOCIAL: institution relationships, and norms that shape the quality and quantity of a society’s social interactions.
ENVIRONMENT: Resources of the Earth.

4. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COMMUNITY AND DEVELOPMENT.
Community development combines the idea of ‘community’ with ‘ development’.
Development is a process which increases choices. It means:
New options.
Diversifications.
Thinking about issues with different angles.

5. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COMMUNITY AND DEVELOPMENT
Development involves change, improvement and vitality. A direct attempt to improve:
Participation
Flexibility.
Equity.
Attitudes.
The functions of institutions.
Quality of life.

6. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COMMUNITY AND DEVELOPMENT
Putting the two together,
Development means that a community itself engages in a process aimed at improving the social, economic and environmental situations of the community
The community on the other hand :
Takes action and participates together. It is through this action that the community becomes more vital, not just economically, but as a strong functioning community in itself.

7. In brief CD improves the ability of communities to collectively make better decisions about the use of resources such as infrastructure, labor and knowledge.
Decisions making
Natural Resources
Labor
Financial capital
Living environment
Infrastructure
Knowledge awareness

8. SO WHAT IS YOUR DESCRIPTION OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT?

9. KEY DESCRIPTION OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT.
For community development to occur, people in a community must believe working together can make a difference and organize to address their needs collectively.
Community development is a group of people in a community reaching a decision to initiate a social action process to change their economic, social, cultural and environmental situation.
Community development is a process that increases choices, it creates an environment where people can exercise their full potential to lead productive , creative lives.
Community capacity is the combined influence of a community’s commitment.

10. DEVELOPMENT JUST NOT GROWTH.
Community development is not just ‘growth’. Growth means more jobs and more investments. But it does not increase choices, networks or the ability to manage change.
development can occur without growth and growth can occur without development.

11. Clarifying terms
Community development often is associated with terms such as
Community capacity building Collective action.
Community vitality. Ownership
Empowerment Improved circumstance
Rural development or self reliance.

12. Community development OR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Economic development is part of community development.
Economic development involves many of the elements of community development such as:
Participation.
Re-thinking.
Action learning.
However economic development does not lead to collective agency or improved quality of life.
Community development
Economic development
Local industry development.
The relationship between industry development, economic development and community development.

13. Principles of community development.
Start where grass root people are. Why?
Community development creates a vehicle for people to act on existing concerns.
Community involvement , leadership is a source of change.
People build motivation and community capacity through participation and active involvement in decision making & implementation.
Inclusiveness; all citizens should be given an equal opportunity to be involved.
External facilitators and resource people are “invited in” to work with rural people, rather than working for them.
Changed attitudes and networks are as important as material outcomes.
Rural people; the existing concerns and situation of people is the starting point of community development.

14. The general stages of community development.
1. Community Preparedness.
Communities need to have some of the key ingredients for a development process.
Motivation.
Local leadership.
S sense of ownership.
Not all communities are interested in or prepared for, undertaking a process of community development.

15. The general stages of community development.
2. ‘ Bubbling’ concerns.
Community development processes develop from a situation where issues and concerns are ‘ bubbling’ around.
People are:
Concerned.
enthusiastic,.
Motivated.
Frustrated.
Private ‘trouble’ becomes public concerns as people share issues that matter to them individually. People may begin to see some advantage for them in community development.

16. The general stages of community development.
3. Stimulus. Stimulus brings the ‘ bubbling’ situation to a head. A local crisis, sparks community action.

17. The general stages of community development
4. Initial Organization and Involvement.
After a stimulus often the first step is an event that brings the community together.
Usually at a public meeting or forum.
At this point, community representatives may invite a facilitator or a resource person into the community to help with suggestions, information and process itself.
Some communities may have a clear idea of what is needed, others may simply want to do ‘ something ‘ to improve their community but are not sure what.

18. The general stages of community development
5. Engagement and Issues Identification.
After some initial organization, a key step is activities to engage local people and give as diverse range of citizens the opportunity to be involved.
Engagement of people occurs throughout the community developmental process.

20. The general stages of community development
Aspects of Engagement.
Understanding the existing concerns of community members.
Citizen participation.
Acting on the idea

21. 1. INITIAL CONSIDERATIONS.
As a community begins to organize, some questions are crucial for the community to answer:
Where are we at?
How de we want our community to be?
How do we get there?
Who can help us?
What are our concerns.
These questions provide the framework of a community developmental process.
It is important for people to elect community development activities that address their concerns.

22. 2. Purpose and goals
From initial engagement and considerations, communities need to develop a purpose and goals for development effort.
Goals need to be specific, measurable, and achievable.

23. 3. Self examination.
A period of self examination and community analysis helps people to appreciate their community’s situation and existing capacity, to rethink problems and issues, and to identify new options.
The purpose is not just data gathering, but awareness-raising , involvement and reframing.

24. Self examination. Study of past achievements and projects.
Listing of community assets and mapping relationships between different aspects of the community such as youth, elderly , community groups or local government.
Community surveys.
Community economic analysis. Calculations of several indicators such as population/employment ratios.
SWOT analysis. Listing community strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats.
Photographs taken by the community members of how they want their community to be, and not to be.

25. 4. Explorations
A period of exploration often accompanies or follows self examination. This involves gathering new information and ideas.
Ways of exploring issues:
Environmental scan- a forward looking view of what outside influences are affecting the community.
Community swaps-members of similar towns or districts visit each other’s community and compare their impression and ideas for development.
What others have done-reading, attending conferences and visiting other communities.
Expert advisory and consultancy.
Brainstorming.
Rethinking and creativity exercises.

26. 5. Interpretation and priotisation
Data gathered and ideas developed during the engagement , self examination and exploration phases need to be ‘ analyzed’ and debated.
Communities need to ask themselves whether a proposal is:
Politically feasible.
Financially feasible.
Logistically feasible.
Able to be implemented. ( do the community members have the skills, money and time to implement the proposal?)

27. 6. Planning and action priorities.
This involves the development of a strategy to progress particular issues. Strategies are a plan of action-patterns of actions, decisions and resource allocations to achieve an outcome.
OPTIONS OPTIONS
ACTION ACTION
COMMUNITY STRATEGIES INVOLVE SELECTING ALTERNATIVE ACTIONS.

28. KEY ISSUES FOR COMMUINITIES IN THIS PLANNING AND ACTION PHASES ARE:
Organization:
communities need to be well organized to follow through an action
Steering committee.
Maintaining community interest.
Celebrating success.

29. KEY ISSUES FOR COMMUINITIES IN THIS PLANNING AND ACTION PHASES ARE:
Reinvestment.
Community development NEVER ends. Particular development initiatives have a lifecycle of initiation, expansion, maturity and conclusion.
Communities need to constantly be seeking to expand their resource base and their ability to manage change. This mean ongoing reinvestments of time and effort in the community and the fostering of new leaders and community motivation.

30. The action learning cycle.
Observe /reflect
Ideas
Plan

31. outcomes
The outcomes of successful community development is communities that are more able to generate wealth, maintain or improve their competitive position, preserve and use community resources and adapt to change.
Specific outcomes are:
An expanded , diverse , inclusive citizen participation base.
An expanded leadership base.
Strengthened individual skills.
A widely shared , understood and agreed local or regional vision for the future.
A strategic community agenda.
More effective community organizations.
Better use of resources.

32. What community development is not
It isn’t service delivery. Community development is more than a delivering services. It involves rethinking, network formation, leadership.
It isn’t social work or welfare. Community development is a self-directed process aimed at a broad range of economic , social and environmental community benefits.
It isn’t a ‘ feel good’ exercise. Community development involves lot of action and work. It is far more than a moral boosting exercise.

33. Group work
In your groups, discuss a particular issues of concern to our community. Develop a strategy to address this issue of concern.