1. Unit 2: Population

2. Key Terms for this unit
Systems: all organisms including humans are part of natural and social systems that are made up of many interdependent and interacting components.
Control: complex systems of various types (technical, biological and social) require a system of control to make decisions about maintaining the system’s internal processes about how it should interact with the outside environment.
Feedback Control: complex systems are self-correcting processes which rely on internal systems to gather information and other systems to do things in order to maintain equilibrium within the system by recognizing complex patterns and responding with appropriate action. An example would be the eye and hand of the human body.

3. Industrialization: is a social system where society reward s individualization, reorganized itself to allow for specialization and relies on the abstractions of science and reason as criteria for making judgments and decisions
Specialization: an industrial social system divides society into specialized organization each with specific tasks to do a part of a complex division of labour.
Growth: economic growth is seen as the central defining assumption of an industrial society,
The goal of progress is used to justify modern society’s emphasis on growth and change
Industrial systems tend to believe that if the system stops growung, it will rapidly degenerate.

4. World View: a people’s word view is their common sense reality about the organization and purpose of society.
Paradigm: a set or pattern of ideas, beliefs and values selected from the world view which is used to make judgments and decisions about the meaning and purpose of reality
Change: is part of all natural and social systems and that at certain time in history the dominate paradigms are replaced with other paradigms

5. Industrialism
Is a social system demands profound economic, social, political, and cultural changed in and society
Core components:
Promoting technological change where the objective is increasingly to have work done by machines so that human and animal power is replaced by inanimate sources of energy
Having labour complete on open labour markets
Concentrating workers in large enterprises such as factories created and managed by entrepreneurs
Shifting workers from the agriculture sector other economic sectors

6. Industrial systems vs. Human population
The industrial systems highly affect the human population
Some effects are:
Changes in birth & death rate
Changed in the way people make a living
Rapid urbanization
Two main phases
1st phase is a period of growth and optimism where change is perceived as being good and progress is possible to achieve
2nd phase begins when discontent rises within society generally because the expectations created in the first phase are not being met for various groups within society

7. Saskatchewan and Industrialization
Saskatchewan has been affected by industrialization and the stresses and strains on the population
Large migration of people into Western Canada displacing the Aboriginal people who had held the territory for millennia
A rural social system made up of small independent farmers and small towns;
Industrialization of agriculture forcing farms to grow resulting in migration of people from rural to urban areas
A significant decline in rural communities and rapid growth of cities.

8. Conflicting Social Systems
Industrial systems use a set of assumptions that are central to their world view
Industrial societies tend to believe that the main solution to their problems is to make everyone economically successful
Traditional world view and steady-state society work against this.
Traditional view is the Aboriginal world view that considers the earth as the centre of their identity. They believe that the earth connects them to the past, the home of the ancestors, the present as it provides their daily needs and the future to be held in trust for the children
Steady-state view is the earth is a closed and finite system which has its limits. There is only so much resources that can be take before they run out and humans need to find a balance.

9. Human populations are independent of each other and the natural systems on earth
They way one population acts and uses resources has a major effect on other natural and social systems
Having said that humans depend on the natural environment so much that changed to the natural and social systems has major impact on the human population
Ministry of Education, Social Studies 20.

10. Lets look at the numbers
Human Population
Lets look at the numbers

11. The Human population
The estimated of the world population
1 million year ago: people
years
10 000y years million
0 A.D million
million
billion
billion
billion
billion
billion
billion
billion
The world population goes at 1.7% per year. This is a steady increase since 1975
The world averages about 93 million new people each year

12. Key Terms
Population estimates: historical population are very conjectural with the estimated are based on assumptions about capacity of land and distribution of population at the time.
Natural Increase: natural increase is the difference between the number of births and deaths rate in a population
Birth rate: annual number of live births per 1000 population per year
Death rate: number of people dying per 1000 population per year.
Rate of natural increase: the difference between the birth and death rate( expressed as a %)
Population Growth Rate: the rate of natural increase plus the effects of immigration

13. Projections: is an inference about what might happen in the future if a certain set of assumption about human behaviour remain consistent
Predictions: a statement about what will happen in the future
Double time: the number of years necessary for a population to double equals 72 divided by the annual percentage rate of population increase
Demographic transitions: in industrialized countries with high standard of living, both mortality and fertility rates decline sharply so that population growth rate fell to around one percent.

14. Drawing Inferences from Population Data
Making projections of population growth in the future based on current polices
Looking at what the trends in birth and death rate to infer the future trends of the populations
It is hard to make these predictions as the rates if increase and decrease do change a lot over time
Keep in mind that the world population has reached a size that small changes in the percentage of growth can result in large population growth
Keep in mind that they population historically had stayed small because humans did not know how to mass produce food to sustain large population or how to control disease.

15. Population and human behaviour
They way human behave impact the population
Technology, social and cultural changed affect human reproductive behaviour
Changes in food and medicine change mortality rates.

16. Fertility Rates
The response to changes in culture and society changes how a population grows
The age of marriage changes the age in which woman will start giving birth and for how long
Cultural values determining the extent of use of contraception
Standards of living which affect economic expectations, attitudes about the need for children, educating children
Attitudes to the statues of women, they power they have and the rights they have
Ministry of Education, Social Studies 20.