1. Taxonomy

2. Why Classify? Organizes living things into groups Organizes living things into groups Gives us a universal way to name organisms Gives us a universal way to name organisms Helps in identifying new species or known species Helps in identifying new species or known species Shows how closely organisms are related Shows how closely organisms are related Prevents misconceptions: ex: jellyfish and starfish are not actually fish. Prevents misconceptions: ex: jellyfish and starfish are not actually fish.

3. What is Taxonomy? Taxonomy is the study of classifying organisms. Taxonomy is the study of classifying organisms. Taxonomy: names and groups organisms according to their characteristics and evolutionary history Taxonomy: names and groups organisms according to their characteristics and evolutionary history

4. History of Taxonomy Aristotle was the first person to classify organisms in writing. Aristotle was the first person to classify organisms in writing. He divided things into: He divided things into: Animals: Lived in air, water or on land Animals: Lived in air, water or on land Plants: differentiated by stems Plants: differentiated by stems Early classification caused problems: Early classification caused problems: They used common names which are different around the world They used common names which are different around the world Also used long names with descriptive terms called polynomial names. Also used long names with descriptive terms called polynomial names.

5. History Cont. In the 1700’s in Swedish scientist Carolus Linnaeus fixed these problems. In the 1700’s in Swedish scientist Carolus Linnaeus fixed these problems. Linnaeus created binomial nomenclature which is still used today. Linnaeus created binomial nomenclature which is still used today. Binomial Nomenclature means two names Binomial Nomenclature means two names Every Organism is given a scientific name based on its Genus and Species Every Organism is given a scientific name based on its Genus and Species But what are genus and species? But what are genus and species? They are each 1 part of the 8 levels of classification. They are each 1 part of the 8 levels of classification.

6. 8 Levels of Classification 1.Domain 2.Kingdom 3.Phylum 4.Class 5.Order 6.Family 7.Genus 8.Species Dignified Kings Play Chess on Fuzzy Green Sofas Dignified Kings Play Chess on Fuzzy Green Sofas Species is the smallest and most specific level Domain is the largest and least specific level *These levels of classification are based on an organisms evolutionary chain  how it has evolved over time **Two organisms with the same genus are more closely related than those with the same kingdom

7. Naming The name of an organism depends on its levels of classification. Domain is often ignored. The name of an organism depends on its levels of classification. Domain is often ignored. Names are in Latin- it is universal in all languages Names are in Latin- it is universal in all languages Ex: Humans Ex: Humans Brain Pop Brain Pop Brain Pop Brain Pop

8. Writing Names Scientific Names are always written as: Scientific Names are always written as: Genus species Genus species The first letter of Genus is always CAPITALIZED The first letter of Genus is always CAPITALIZED species is written in all lowercase letters species is written in all lowercase letters The entire name is either italicized or underlined The entire name is either italicized or underlined Ex: Human Name  Homo sapien or Homo sapien Ex: Human Name  Homo sapien or Homo sapien

9. More Examples Euclea delphinii Common Name: spiny oak slug Odobenus rosmarus Common Name: Walrus

10. The Three Domains 1.Eubacteria- these are seen as spheres rods and spirals (most bacteria)—no nucleus 2.Archaebacteria- found in harsh environments. Thought to be the first organisms on earth.—no nucleus 3.Eukarya- made up of: 1.Protists 2.Plants 3.Fungi 4.Animals

11. Domains are divided into Six Kingdoms 1.Eubacteria- same as domain– have no nucleus 2.Archaebacteria- same as domain—have no nucleus 3.Protista- have a nucleus 4.Plantae—photosynthesize, have cell wall 5.Fungi—take up nutrients from dead organisms 6.Animalia—multi-cellular, eat food to get nutrients Brain Pop Brain Pop Brain Pop Brain Pop