1. Gross Anatomy of Urinary system
Medical ppt

2. Urinary system

3. Functions of Urinary System
Kidneys carry out four functions
Filter nitrogenous wastes, toxins, ions, etc. from blood to be excreted as urine.
Regulate volume and chemical composition of blood (water, salts, acids, bases).
Produce regulatory enzymes.
Renin – regulates BP/ kidney function
Erythropoietin – stimulates RBC production from marrow.
Metabolism of Vitamin D to active form.

4. Urinary System Two Kidneys Two Ureters Urinary Bladder Urethra
Perform all functions except actual excretion.
Two Ureters
Convey urine from Kidneys to Urinary Bladder
Urinary Bladder
Holds Urine until excretion
Urethra
Conveys urine from bladder to outside of body

5. Renal Connective Tissue
• Renal fascia- anchors the kidneys to nearby structures. It is dense connective tissue
• Adipose capsule/Pararenal Fat
Mass of fat tissue that surrounds renal capsule
Functions
Keeps kidney in place
Provide cushion effects
• Renal capsule- Layer of dense connective tissue that surrounds kidney and supports the soft internal tissues.

6. Position of the Kidneys
Kidneys are located on either side of the vertebral column:
left kidney lies superior to right kidney
superior surface capped by adrenal gland

7. Location and Position of the Kidneys
The kidney is positioned between the 12th thoracic and 3rd lumbar vertebrae.
It is retroperitoneal (lies on the posterior abdominal wall, posterior to the peritoneum).
Right kidney is lower than left kidney due to the shape of the liver.
Lateral surface of kidney is convex while medial is concave.

8. External Anatomy of Kidney
Average size – 12cm x 6cm x 3 cm
Weights 150 grams or 5 oz
Surrounded by three membranes (deep to superficial)
Renal capsule – fibrous barrier for kidneys.
Adipose capsule – fatty tissue designed for protection / stability.
Renal fascia – dense fibrous connective tissue that anchors kidneys/ adrenals to surroundings.

9. External Anatomy of the Kidney
Lateral surface- convex
Medial surface is concave
Renal Hilum
Indentation where blood vessels, nerves and ureters enter and exit the kidneys.
Renal Sinus
Internal cavity within kidney.

10. Internal Anatomy of the Kidney
• Cortex - Superficial region of kidney.
It is light and granular
• Medulla - Deep central region of the kidney.
Deep layer
It is darker
• Renal pyramids- Cone shaped structure within the renal medulla.
Base lies against cortex
Apex is the papilla
• Renal column- Extensions of cortex that separate renal pyramids within the medulla.

11. Kidney Internal Anatomy
Renal Pelvis
Flat funnel-shaped expansion of ureter
Major Calices
Large cup-shaped branches of renal pelvis
Minor Calices
Cup-shaped divisions of major calices
Surround papilla of pyramid

12. Renal Lobe Consists of: One renal pyramid
overlying area of renal cortex
adjacent tissues of renal columns

13. Blood Flow – Arteries Renal arteries Segmental arteries Lobar arteries
Interlobar arteries
Arcuate arteries
Interlobular arteries
Afferent arterioles

14. Blood Flow – Veins From nephron Interlobular veins Arcuate veins
Interlobar veins
Renal vein

15. Ureters Continuation of renal pelvis
Slender tubes that transport urine from kidneys to bladder
Retroperitoneal/Runs behind the peritoneum

16. Urinary Bladder and Urethra

17. Urinary Bladder A collapsible muscular sac Stores and expels urine
- Full bladder – spherical
Expands into the abdominal cavity
- Empty bladder – lies entirely within the pelvis
Prostate gland: Found in In males
- Lies directly inferior to the bladder
- Surrounds the urethra

18. Urinary Bladder Muscular sac that stores and expels urine Location
Pelvic floor
Posterior to public symphysis
Anterior to
Rectum in males
Vagina & uterus in females

19. Urinary Bladder and Urethra in Male and Female
Trigone of the urinary bladder has three openings;
- Two openings from the ureters
One opening to the urethra

20. Structure of the Urinary Bladder
Male:
Penis
Dual function
Female:
External urethral orifice

21. Structure of the Urethra

22. Urethra Passes through the length of the penis In females
Length of 3–4 cm
In males – 20 cm in length – three named regions
Prostatic urethra
Passes through the prostate gland
Membranous urethra
Through the urogenital diaphragm
Spongy (penile) urethra
Passes through the length of the penis
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

23. Urethral Sphincter Internal urethral sphincter
Involuntary smooth muscle
External urethral sphincter
Voluntarily inhibits urination
Relaxes when one urinates

24. Medical ppt