1. Ch 12, Sec 1-2: The Imperialist Vision and the Spanish-American War

2. Imperialism
The idea of economic and political domination of a strong nation over a weak nation
New idea for Americans at the turn of the century
Americans stopped focusing on U.S. problems and wanted to take over other lands for several reasons:
Economic growth
Military competition
Cultural dominance/superiority

3. Economics leads to Imperialism
U.S. needed new markets for trade
U.S. ran out of land to take over in America
Frontier was closed
American factories were mass producing goods and overproducing for American needs

5. Cultural Superiority to Imperialism
Americans wanted to show their dominance to others
Idea of manifest destiny of new lands was strong
Spread American ideas, beliefs, and technology

6. Annexing Hawaii Mid 1870s-Hawaii’s economy was struggling
U.S. traders/politicians offered to help for sugar
U.S. was given a naval base at Pearl Harbor
Traders/farmers took over Hawaii’s gov’t from
McKinley Tariff was passed to make U.S. sugar cheaper than Hawaiian sugar
Hawaiian traders were angry and pushed the U.S. to annex Hawaii as a protectorate

7. Trade in Latin America U.S. bought materials from Latin America
Latin America did not buy manufactured goods from the U.S.
Pan-Americanism-idea that the U.S. and Latin America should work together to support peace and increase trade
Wanted to end European influence
in the Americas
Latin American countries said no

8. Military leads to Imperialism
U.S. wanted to start trading in Asia
Japan didn’t want anything to do with the U.S.
U.S. sent 4 military ships to Japan and forced them to allow the U.S. to trade with Japan
U.S. saw a strong military as a benefit for trade causing the military to grow bigger/stronger
Military ships needed coal for power, so the U.S. took over small islands for refueling points (led to the desire for Cuba)

10. The Fight Over Cuba Cuba was a Spanish colony
Produced 1/3rd of the world’s sugar
1868-Cubans fought for Independence for 10 years but failed
Freedom fighters fled to the U.S. for help
Cuba and the U.S. started trading heavily between each other
A second revolution started in 1895

11. Americans Support Cuba
America gov’t tried to remain neutral but the people wanted to help
U.S. press reported horror storied about things the Spanish troops did to the Cubans
Fed Cuban prisoners to sharks/dogs
Other articles said blood covered everything in Cuba
Known as Yellow Journalism-created storied to sell more papers

13. Spanish Response to the Revolution
Sent 200,000 troops to Cuba
Destroyed plantations, train tracks, and sugar mills
They raided towns and killed 1000s of people

14. American response to Spain’s troops in Cuba
Cubans hoped the destroyed American property in Cuba would bring the U.S. into the war
U.S. wanted to negotiate a peace with Spain or the U.S. would have to help the Cubans
Spain said Cuba could have independence if they remained under the Spanish Empire
Cuba refused
U.S. sent USS Maine to Havana Harbor in case Americans in Cuba had to leave

15. USS Maine in Havana Bombed in Feb 1898 Nobody knew who attacked it
U.S. newspapers blamed Spain
Brought the U.S. to prepare for war
April 19, 1898 U.S. declared Cuba free from Spain and promised military help in Cuba to start the Spanish-American War

16. U.S. Plan for Spanish-American War
Attack Spanish Fleet in the Philippines to prevent it from coming to Cuba
American navy from China was sent to attack the Philippines while the army came from the west coast of the U.S.
Philippines were taken quickly between the Filipinos and
Americans from
Spain

17. Problems for the U.S. in Cuba
Navy was well funded and prepared for war
Army was in bad shape
Not enough troops
Poorly trained
Disease spread fast

18. Rough Riders take charge
Calvary unit in the army
Teddy Roosevelt led his
troops to attack Kettle Hill
and San Juan Hill in Cuba
Spanish troops started losing other battles fast
Spanish troops were sent to board ships in the Havana
U.S. Blockade destroyed these ships
Spain surrendered in Santiago, Cuba 2 weeks later

19. Results of the Spanish-American War
Cuba was free at last
U.S. annexed Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines
U.S. paid Spain $20 million for the Philippines

20. U.S. Control of the Philippines
Filipino fighters attacked U.S. soldiers
Gen. Arthur MacArthur was sent to take care of the problem
Created “reconcentration” camps to separate fighters from civilians
U.S. built up roads, hospitals, schools, and gov’t buildings to reduce tensions
Fighting stopped by 1902
Philippines were granted freedom in 1946 after WWII ended

21. Governing Puerto Rico
Foraker Act-made Puerto Rico and unincorporated territory
Made Puerto Ricans non-citizens with no rights (until 1917)
U.S. could still make laws that they had to follow
Still a protectorate of the U.S.
Could be the 51st state of the U.S. some day or could be a free country again

22. Governing Cuba U.S. Military ran gov’t ran Cuba
Cubans got to make a constitution to gain their freedom
Platt Amendment had to be a part of the constitution
4 parts
U.S. was given a naval base on Cuba for refueling (Guantanamo Bay)
“Gave” Cuba their freedom but also made them a protectorate of the U.S.