1. Injuries and Joints cont’d
Taping

2. Taping
Taping is a form of strapping. It is a procedure that uses tape, attached to the skin, to physically keep in place muscles or bones at a certain position.
This reduces pain and aids recovery. Taping is usually used to help recover from overuse and other injuries.
Taping has many roles such as to support the ligaments and capsules of unstable joints by limiting excessive or abnormal anatomical movement.
Taping also enhances proprioceptive feedback from the limb or joint.
Finally taping can support injuries at the muscle-tendon units by compressing and limiting movement and secure protective pads, dressings and splints

3. Non-elastic and Elastic Adhesive Taping
Historically an important part of athletic training
Becoming decreasingly important due to questions surfacing concerning effectiveness
Utilized in areas of injury care and protection
Non-elastic and Elastic Adhesive Taping

4. Non-elastic White Tape
Great adaptability due to:
Uniform adhesive mass
Adhering qualities
Lightness
Relative strength
Help to hold dressings and provide support and protection to injured areas
Come in variety of sizes (1”, 1 1/2” , 2”)

5. When purchasing the following should be considered: Tape Grade
Graded according to longitudinal and vertical fibers per inch
More costly (heavier) contains 85 horizontal and 65 vertical fibers
Adhesive Mass
Should adhere regularly and maintain adhesion with perspiration
Contain few skin irritants
Be easily removable without leaving adhesive residue and removing superficial skin
Winding Tension
Critically important
If applied for protection tension must be even

6. Elastic Adhesive Tape Used in combination with non-elastic tape
Good for small, angular parts due to elasticity as well as soft tissues that expand.
Comes in a variety of widths (1”, 2”, 3”, 4”)
Figure 8-15
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7. Adhesive Tape: Preparation for Taping
Skin surface should be cleaned of oil, perspiration and dirt
Hair should be removed to prevent skin irritation with tape removal
Tape adherent is optional
Foam and skin lubricant should be used to minimize blisters and skin irritation
Tape directly to skin
Prewrap (roll of thin foam) can be used to protect skin in cases where tape is used daily
Prewrap should only be applied one layer thick when taping and should be anchored proximally and distally
Adhesive Tape: Preparation for Taping

8. Figure 8-16 A-E
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9. Rules for Tape Application
Tape in the position in which joint must be stabilized
Overlap the tape by half
Avoid continuous taping
Keep tape roll in hand whenever possible
Smooth and mold tape as it is laid down on skin
Allow tape to follow contours of the skin
Start taping with an anchor piece and finish by applying a locking strip
Where maximum support is desired, tape directly to the skin
Do not apply tape if skin is hot or cold from treatments
Selecting Proper Tape Width
Acute angles = narrower tape
Tearing tape
Do not bend, twist or wrinkle tape
Tearing should result in straight edge with no loose strands

10. Figure 8-18
Figure 8-19
Figure 8-17
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11. Common Foot Taping Procedures
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12. Arch Technique 1 (to support weak arches)
Figure 8-20
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13. Arch Technique 2 (for longitudinal arch)
Figure 8-21
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14. Arch Technique 3 (X teardrop arch and forefoot support)
Figure 8-22
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15. Arch Technique 4 (fan arch support)
Figure 8-23
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16. LowDye Technique (Management of fallen arch, pronation, arch strains and plantar fascitis) (
Figure 8-24
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17. Sprained Toes
Figure 8-25
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18. Hallux Valgus
Figure 8-26
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19. Turf Toe (prevents excessive hyperextension of metatarsophalangeal joint)
Figure 8-27
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20. Hammer or Clawed Toes (reduces pressure of bent toes against shoes)
Figure 8-28
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21. Fractured Toes (splints injured to non-injured toe)
Figure 8-29
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22. Common Ankle Taping Procedures
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23. Closed Basket Weave (Gibney) Technique
Used for newly sprained or chronically weak ankles
Figure 8-30
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24. Open Basket Weave
Allows more dorsiflexion and plantar flexion, provides medial and lateral stability and room for swelling
Used in acute sprain situations in conjunction with elastic bandage and cold application
U-shaped felt pad can be used to provide focal compression
Aids in controlling swelling

25. Continuous-Stretch Tape Technique
Figure 8-32
Continuous-Stretch Tape Technique

26. Common Leg & Knee Taping Procedures
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27. Achilles Tendon (prevent Achilles over-stretching)
Figure 8-33
Achilles Tendon (prevent Achilles over-stretching)

28. Collateral Ligament Figure 8-34
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29. Rotary Taping for Knee Instability (provides stability following ACL & MCL injury)
Figure 8-35
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30. Knee Hyperextension (Prevent knee hyperextension, provide support to injured hamstring or slackened cruciate ligament)
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31. Patellofemoral Taping (McConnell technique)
Helps to manage glide, tilt, rotation and anteroposterior orientation of patella
Accomplished by passively taping patella into biomechanically correct position
Also provides prolonged stretch to soft-tissue structures associated with dysfunction
Patellofemoral Taping (McConnell technique)

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33. Common Upper Extremity Taping Procedures
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34. Elbow Restriction (Prevents elbow hyperextension)
Figure 8-42 & 43
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35. Wrist Technique 1 (Mild wrist sprains and strains)
Figure 8-44
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36. Wrist Technique 2 (Protects and stabilizes badly injured wrist)
Figure 8-45
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37. Sprained Thumb (Provides support to musculature and joint)
Figure 8-47
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38. Finger and Thumb Checkreins
Figure 8-49
Figure 8-48
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39. Kinesio Taping
Technique developed in Japan and widely used throughout Europe and Asia
Can be stretched to 140% of original length
Provides constant tension (shear) to the skin
Therapeutic in that its effect occurs through activation of neurological and circulatory systems with movement
Can be used immediately post and during rehab of injury
Used for edema reduction, pain management, and inhibition/facilitation of motor activity
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40. Mechanism by which Kinesio Tape works
Improving circulation and lymph by eliminating tissue fluid or bleeding beneath skin
Correcting muscle function by strengthening weakened muscles
Decreasing pain through neurological suppression
Repositioning subluxed joints by relieving abnormal muscle tension
Stimulates cutaneous mechanoreceptors through pressure and tension on skin, enhancing proprioception through cutaneous feedback
Basic Application Principles
Apply tape from origin to insertion without minimal tension for muscle support
Should be applied from insertion to origin during rehabilitation
Muscle is placed on gentle functional stretch with tape at ~10% of resting static length
Can be worn for 3-4 days
Latex free, cotton fabric
Heat activated adhesive
Comes in various sizes
Athletic trainers indicate…
It can provide support and stability
Requires specialized training

41. Kinesio Taping for Plantar Fasciitis
Figure 8-50
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42. Kinesio Taping for Patellofemoral Pain
Figure 8-51
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43. Kinesio Taping for Low Back Strain
Figure 8-52
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44. Kinesio Taping for Shoulder Instability
Figure 8-53