1. welcome Submitted by:- Joshi Aditi Reg.No:-12-00051-2012 Submitted to:- Dr. Anurag yadav

2. Airborne Pathogens and Respirator Use

3. Airborne Pathogens Tuberculosis Influenza Avian Influenza SARS

4. What is tuberculosis (TB)? Disease caused by bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis Chronic bacterial infection Was once the leading cause of death in US The number of cases declined in the 1940’s when drugs were developed to treat TB TB is still a problem worldwide (NIAID) 8 million people develop TB yearly 3 million die

5. How is TB spread? Through the air from person to person by coughing Usually attacks lungs Two stages Latent TB asymptomatic and not contagious can take medication to prevent development of disease Active TB Disease May spread to others May have abnormal chest x-ray Usually have positive skin test

6. Symptoms of TB Chills Fever Weakness or fatigue Sweating while sleeping, Night sweats Cough that lasts longer than 2 weeks Pain in chest Coughing up blood or sputum

7. Influenza “I had a little bird, His name was Enza, I opened the window and in flew Enza.” -Children’s nursery rhyme about the flu epidemic of 1918

8. What is influenza (“the flu”)? Disease caused by a virus Respiratory More severe than a cold 10%-20% of US residents will get the flu each year (CDC) Can lead to complications for some people 36,000 people die each year from complications (CDC)

9. Types of influenza virus Influenza A Most common and most serious Can lead to epidemics Influenza B Can also cause epidemics Symptoms are milder Influenza C Never connected with large epidemics

10. How is influenza spread? Flu season is from November to March Respiratory droplets Coughing Sneezing Droplets on objects Contagious from 1 day before symptoms start to 7 days after symptoms start (CDC)

11. Symptoms Cough and congestion Fever Headache Body Aches General malaise Sore throat

12. Avian Influenza February 2004: 72,000 chickens were slaughtered in Delaware after two cases of Avian Influenza were found at a poultry farm under contract for Perdue Farms, Inc.

13. What is Avian Influenza? Influenza virus that can infect birds and humans Type A influenza 3 Type A viruses and each have 9 subtypes H5: can be high or low pathogenic; can cause severe illness or death H7: can be high or low pathogenic; infections are rare and symptoms are mild H9: low pathogenic; very rare in humans

14. Symptoms Same as typical flu-like symptoms Conjunctivitis Pneumonia Severe respiratory distress

15. SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome The 2003 global SARS outbreak led to over 8,000 people becoming ill, and 774 deaths. It is estimated the panic caused by the disease cost Canada $1 billion in lost tourism and all of Asia over $28 billion. (BBC News)

16. What is SARS? Center for Disease Control Definition SARS is a respiratory illness of unknown etiology. It was first identified in February 2003. SARS was first noticed in Southeast Asia. To date more than 100 cases have been reported in the United States Public health experts think that SARS is spread by close contact between people

17. Symptoms of SARS Fever or hot to touch AND Cough AND Clinical findings of respiratory distress AND Travel within 10 days to an area with suspected community transmission OR Close contact within 10 days with a person with a respiratory illness or someone sick from SARS

18. THANK YOU