1. Today: Review (and a couple other things) (Important info… you must memorize start and stop codons.)

2. Lab Project Drafts Lab Project Draft: Returned on Thursday After Exam 3 Group/Individual Consultations: Monday Apr. 15 th Tuesday Apr. 16 th

3. REVIEW: What are the big ideas from Unit 3? 1.DNA/RNA Structure 2.DNA Replication 3.Transcription – Post-Transcript Processing 4.Translation 5.Mutation 6.Regulation of Gene Expression

4. DNA/RNA Structure

5. DNA Replication

6. Transcription

7. Transcription 2 AAUAAA

8. Fig. 17-10 Pre-mRNA mRNA Coding segment Introns cut out and exons spliced together 5 Cap Exon Intron 5 1 30 31104 ExonIntron 105 Exon 146 3 Poly-A tail 5 Cap 5 UTR3 UTR 1 146 Post-Transcription Processing

9. Translation Initiation Elongation Termination

10. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

11. Elongation

12. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Termination

13. Mutation Insertion/Deletion/Substitution Frameshift Nonsense/Missense/Silent

14. Regulation of Gene Expression

16. Miscellaneous PCR Sanger Sequencing

17. Question-Based Review (White Boards)

18. Draw one rung of a DNA helix (sugar molecule + phosphate must be correct) DNA/RNA Structure 1:

19. Draw the general structure of a DNA molecule. (Use circles and boxes to represent different molecules) DNA/RNA Structure 2:

20. What are the names and functions of six enzymes involved in DNA replication? DNA Replication 1:

21. Okazaki fragments could not become fully integrated into a DNA strand if ________ was missing. DNA Replication 2:

22. What enzyme(s) and protein(s) are required in prokaryotic transcription? What enzyme(s) and protein(s) are required in eukaryotic transcription? Transcription 1:

23. How does transcription factors (or sigma) and RNA polymerase know where to start and terminate transcription in a.Prokaryotes b.Eukaroytes Transcription 2:

24. Draw and label a ribosome. Translation 1:

25. What is a charged tRNA molecule? What is its relation to aminoacyl tRNA synthetase? Translation 2:

26. What is a mutation? Mutation 1:

27. When a mutation occurs, what are three types of changes that can occur to a nucleotide sequence? Mutation 2:

28. Describe positive and negative control of gene expression in prokaryotes as they relate to the lac operon. Regulation of Gene Expression 1:

29. Describe how catabolite activator proteins and cAMP affect fur coloration in beach mice. Regulation of Gene Expression 2:

30. Which bases are purines and which are pyrimidines; what are the correct base pairings (including # of H bonds) DNA/RNA Structure 3:

31. What are two structural differences between DNA and RNA? DNA/RNA Structure 4:

32. What is the difference between a DNA primer and an RNA primer? In what processes is each used? DNA Replication 3:

33. What is one difference between DNA replication in prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes? DNA Replication 4:

34. Write out a short segment of DNA (6bp). Identify the template and non-template strands. What will the RNA from this segment look like? Transcription 3:

35. What modifications are made to the primary RNA transcript in eukaryotes? Transcript Processing 4:

36. What are the three major phases of translation? Describe the steps involved in each. Translation 3:

37. What is the difference between a signal peptide and a signal recognition particle? Translation 4:

38. What are three things that can happen to an amino acid sequence as a result of a mutation? Mutation 3:

39. What polypeptide is created from the following DNA sequence? 5’-ACCGAGTTTCTG-3’ 3’-TGGCTCAAAGAC-5’ Mutation 4:

40. What is an gene enhancer. Where would you find gene enhancers relative to a eukaryotic gene. Regulation of Gene Expression 3:

41. Why is it that lens cells and liver cells create different sets of proteins? Regulation of Gene Expression 4:

42. What are three kinds of RNA; what are their functions? DNA/RNA Structure 5:

43. Theoretically, if you wanted to convert an mRNA strand into DNA, how would you propose that it could be done? (I.e. what are the structural differences) DNA Replication 5:

44. What are the three stages of a polymerase chain reaction? What happens at each stage? DNA Replication 6:

45. Describe Sanger Sequencing in 3-5 steps. DNA Replication 7:

46. What does spliceosome do? What is it made of? Transcript Processing 5:

47. Which would be more likely to result in an effective protein: (A)the insertion of a prokaryotic gene into a eukaryotic genome (B)the insertion of a eukaryotic gene into a prokaryotic genome? Explain your logic. Transcription 6:

48. How is evolution related to errors made during translation? Translation 5:

49. Something has gone terribly wrong in your lab work! One of your team members has contracted a virus and this virus has mutated and has been transferred to your bacteria colonies. This new mutated virus strain destroys the 16S rRNA gene in bacteria. What effect will this have on bacteria? Translation 6:

50. How do errors in DNA replication relate to the process of evolution? Mutation 5: