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CIVE 6900 Sustainability Science and Engineering Fall 2008

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Presentation on theme: "CIVE 6900 Sustainability Science and Engineering Fall 2008"— Presentation transcript:

1 CIVE 6900 Sustainability Science and Engineering Fall 2008
Identification of the Most Sustainable Alternative System for NE Toilets at UT: A comparative Study of Implementation of Rainwater Harvesting, Greywater Recycling, and Composting Toilets CIVE 6900 Sustainability Science and Engineering Fall 2008 Professor: Dr. Apul Presenters: Akhil Kadiyala, Zheng Xue, Andrew E. Wright

2 Objectives Application of ‘EIOLCA’.
Indicator Analysis – Environmental Indicator. – Natural Resource Consumption Indicator. – Economic Indicator. Sustainability Index and Performance. Possibility of obtaining LEED Credits.

3 Data Collection Floor plans, plumbing diagrams, and number of toilets – Maintenance Department. Utility water usage (gal/flush) obtained from online websites based on manufacturing company. NE water bill - $ for 1048 ccf (783,904 gallons). Materials required, quantities, and costs requires for LCA are obtained from online web search and open literature.

4 No. of facilities in the room Company / Manufacturer
Data Collection Room No Type of Utility No. of facilities in the room Company / Manufacturer Flow rate 1262 Faucets 3 Crane Plumbing NA Urinals 2 Zurn 3.0 g/f Toilets 1.6 g/f 1260 2014 Kohler Sloan 2013 5 2053 2056 1012 1013 1055 1056 0520A 0600

5 Current Water Usage in Restrooms
Assumptions No. of people = 2370 Usage of restroom = 1.5 times/day. 75% Male and 25% Female 30% of total water consumption is used by toilets.

6 Rainwater Harvesting Design Criteria:
Roof rainwater collected at a general point and sent to a tank. Filtered via ground filter. The rainwater is then pumped to a header tank . Disinfection with UV. Rainwater is distributed to the WCs via the header tank which incorporates the main water back up, riser connection and overflow.

7 Components and Cost Estimates for Rainwater Harvesting
Rainwater Harvesting Estimate Quantity Unit $ Total Holding Tanks 2 ea $113,783.00 $227,566.00 Pipe from downspouts to holding tank 300 lf $14.50 $4,350.00 Pump-2 hp, 100 gpm 1 $965.00 Self Cleaning Tank inlet Filter $750.00 $1,500.00 Floating tank filter $220.00 $440.00 6000 Gallon Header tank $4,611.17 2" pipe from holding tank to header tank 50 $11.50 $575.00 4" pipe back to toilets piping 700 $32.50 $22,750.00 $262,757.17 Activity Cost Labor Charges $80 Power Consumption by Pumps $42.34 Spare parts and Repairs $800 Total O&M Charges $922.34

8 Greywater Recycling Components : Greywater Source
Collection through plumbing Treatment System Storage Greywater Reuse

9 Greywater Loading Rates
Hydraulic Loading Rates gal/sq .ft /day – Fine media 3-10 gal/sq .ft/day – Recirculation Organic Loading Rates lbs BOD5/ft2/day to lbs BOD5/ft2/day - Fine media

10 Components and Cost Estimates for Greywater Recycling
Piping $1,101.60 Equalization Tank $11,108.12 Living Machine $650,000 Disinfection System $244,000 Pumps $965 Storage Tanks $ 4,939.04 Additional Charges $39,172.34 Total Construction Charges $950,321.10 Activity Cost Labor Charges $1,040 Power Consumption by Living Machines $205 Power Consumption by pump to lift water to storage tank $ Spare parts and Repairs $5,222.98 Total O&M Charges $10,506.92

11 Composting Toilets Waterless or consume a minimum amount of flushing water. Human waste is converted into an organic compost and usable soil.

12 Composting Toilet Replacements and Estimates
Room Type of toilet Number of toilets Number of composting tank(s) 1262 Foam flushing 3 1 1260 1014 Waterless 5 2013 1015 2014 1057 2053 1058 2056 Total Cost of Construction = $105,180 Total Cost for O&M = $5268

13 Water Consumption and Effluent Quantity

14 Life Cycle System Boundary
Functional Unit: savings per life cycle of each system ($/life cycle).

15 LCA Results Energy for “Construction” and “O&M” Stages of a Life Cycle
Greenhouse gases for “Construction” and “O&M” Stages of a Life Cycle Energy for “Construction” and “O&M” Stages of a Life Cycle

16 Environmental Indicator
The need for potable water use for toilet flushing: Cost for rainwater harvesting and grey water recycling with 811,950 gallons per year - $4,348. For composting toilets, it would be 853,370 gallons with a cost of $4,608.

17 Environmental Indicator
Conventional Air Pollutants Water Consumption Cost/year SO2 CO Nox VOC LEAD PM 10 $ mt Mt Pre - Design RW & GW $15,480 0.020 0.034 0.016 0.059 0.002 Post - Design $4,348 0.006 0.009 0.005 0.017 Composting $4,608 0.010 0.018 Green House Gases Water Consumption Cost GWP CO2 CH4 N20 CFC MTCO2E 121 10.9 72.2 37.8 0.106 34 3.07 20.3 10.6 0.030 36 3.25 21.5 11.3 0.032

18 Natural Resource Consumption Indicator
Overall % Water Consumption Reduction Rainwater Harvesting: 21.77% Greywater Recycling: 45.92% Composting Toilets: 21.72%

19 Economic Indicator Economical Choice Comparison based on Cost of Construction and O&M Economical Choice Comparison based on Cost/gal of water saved/day

20 Payback Period Rainwater Harvesting: 23.42 yrs
Greywater Recycling: yrs Composting Toilets: 9.5 yrs

21 Sustainability Index and Performance Percentage
Performance = Maximum Score of indicator × ∑Sustainable Score.

22 Points Allotted S.No Points of Comparison Rainwater Harvesting
Greywater Recycling Composting Toilets 1 Economical choice of cost of construction per gallon of water saved per day 2 3 2. Quantity of water saved per day 3. Environmental Pollution Maximum Achievable Score 9 Sustainable Score Achieved 2+2+2 = 6 1+3+1 = 5 3+1+3 = 7 Sustainability Index 66.67% 55.55% 77.78% Performance 12 15 21

23 Applicable LEED Credits
WE 3.1: Water Use Reduction 20%. The intent is to maximize water efficiency within buildings to reduce the burden on municipal water supply and wastewater systems.

24 Conclusions Composting Toilets - Most Sustainable Alternative System.
Greywater Recycling is recommended for long term use – Ability to conserve large amounts of water, thereby reducing potable water demand. Rain water harvesting can also be used similarly but the source of supply to this system is dependent on rainfall and seasons.

25 Limitations and Scope for Future Work
Difference in persons perspective. Complete life cycle not taken into account. Applicability to only toilet flushing is considered. Scope for Future Work: Study the combination of alternative systems studied individually in this study.

26 Questions?


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