1. Languages of Computing Alan Blackwell CU Computer Laboratory

2. Part 1 Languages for storing data

3. Binary digits (bits) = 1 = 0

4. Bits = 0100100

5. Bytes 01000001 01101100 01100001 01101110 00100000 01000010

6. Encoding text 01000001 = “A” 01101100 = “l” 01100001 = “a” 01101110 = “n” 00100000 = “ ” 01000010 = “B” etc …

7. RAM chip

8. RAM chip (kilobytes (kb) = 1000’s of bytes)

9. RAM circuit board (c.a. 1980)

10. Magnetic drum storage

12. Magnetic tape storage

13. IBM mainframe

14. Cassette tape

15. Apple II

16. BBC Micro

17. 5.25 inch floppy disk (200 kb)

18. IBM PC

19. 3.5 inch floppy disk

20. Floppy disk drive 1.4 megabytes= 1.4 million bytes = 1,400,000 bytes = 1,400 kilobytes

21. Hard disk drive

22. Hard disk drive (gigabytes)

23. 400 gigabytes= 400 billion bytes = 400,000,000,000 bytes = 400,000,000 kilobytes = 400,000 megabytes

24. External hard drive (terabytes)

25. 1 terabyte= 1 trillion bytes = 1,000,000,000,000 bytes = 1,000,000,000 kilobytes = 1,000,000 megabytes = 1,000 gigabytes

26. CD-ROM (megabytes)

27. DVD-ROM (4 gigabytes)

28. Flash card

29. SIM card (kilobytes)

30. USB flash drive (8 gigabytes)

31. Geek speak checklist bit, byte, RAM kilobyte(kB)= 1,000 bytes megabyte(MB)= 1,000,000 bytes gigabyte(GB)= 1,000,000,000 bytes terabyte(TB)= 1,000,000,000,000 bytes ASCII

32. Part 2 Types of data language

33. Plain text

34. Numbers 0 = 00000000 1 = 00000001 2 = 00000010 3 = 00000010 … 254 = 11111110 255 = 11111111

35. Numbers

36. Encoding colour 11001000 (= 200 Red) 01100100 (= 100 Green) 11001000 (= 200 Blue) 11001000 01100100 11001000

37. Picture elements (pixels) 900 pixels (30 x 30)

38. Compression 36,000 pixels (180 x 200) JPEG level 12 (high quality) File size: 40 kB 36,000 pixels (180 x 200) JPEG level 0 (low quality) File size: 14 kB

39. Resolution A 10 kPixel camera (100 x 100 greyscale)

40. Encoding sound 0 | 0 | 237 | 10 | 56 | 235 | 12 | 3 | 45 | ….WAV[e] file or (compressed) MP3

41. Encoding programs 10100000 00000000 01000010 11101001 01001000 = MOV AX,0x0082E984H or, “get the data at memory address 4385096” (in the particular language of Intel microprocessors)

42. Central Processor Unit Once millions of instructions per second (MIPS) Now, billions of clock ticks per second (GigaHertz, GHz)

43. Geek speak checklist plain text resolution compression GIF, JPEG, MP3, WAV, MPEG ARM GigaHertz

44. Part 3 Collecting and presenting data

45. Input: Keyboard

46. Input: Sound card

47. Input: Flatbed scanner 1000 dpi (dots per inch)

48. Input: Digital camera 4000 x 3000 = 12 Megapixels

49. Input: Digital video camera 640 x 480 pixels (VGA)

50. Input: Webcam 352 x 288 pixels (VGA)

51. Output: Monitor 1024 x 768 pixels (XGA)

52. Output: Printer 800 dpi (dots per inch)

53. Output: Powered speakers

54. Output: Data projector (“beamer”) 800 x 600 pixels (SVGA)

55. Geek speak checklist VGA, SVGA, XGA DPI

56. Part 4 Internal communication

57. Motherboard

58. Expansion RAM (SIMM)

59. Part 5 External communication

60. VGA connector

61. HDMI connector

62. DVI connector

63. VGA/DVI Adapter (“Dongle”)

64. RJ-11 connectors Don’t confuse Ethernet and Phone!

65. USB connector No confusion possible – all peripherals are interchangeable!

66. Practical exercises Homework Research into file sizes Market research (Currys, Staples) Specify your own computer