1. Globalization and Sustainability Chapter 11
To what extent should globalization affect sustainablility?

2. IQ # 1 WHAT DOES SUSTAINABILITY MEAN?
This chapter deals with the following questions
IQ # 1 WHAT DOES SUSTAINABILITY MEAN?
IQ #2 HOW ARE GLOBALIZATION AND SUSTAINABILITY RELATED?
IQ # 3 HAVE EFFORTS TO PROMOTE SUSTAINABILITY BEEN SUCCESSFUL?

3. Key Terms - Related Issue 3 Ch 11 Globalization & Sustainability
RYWK

4. ecological footprint
sustain
sustainability
stewardship
flag of convenience

5. Canada’s ecological footprint
IQ # 1 WHAT DOES SUSTAINABILITY MEAN?
Some Factors That Affect Ecological Footprint
Canada’s ecological footprint
ecological footprint = load people impose on nature (how much productive land and water resources used)
Canada has a much larger ecological footprint (7.25 hectares per person) than people in most countries
If everyone consumed what Canadians do, we would need four more planets like Earth
Ecological Footprint of Canada and Selected Cities

6. Bangladesh’s ecological footprint
one of the world’s smallest ecological footprints
Bangladesh is one of least developed countries – little money to spend of consumer goods
consume less so produce less waste
Components of Bangladesh’s Ecological Footprint
Bangladesh and Canada: A Comparison
Bangladesh farmer (left) Dhaka, capital city of Bangladesh (right)
What factors might contribute to the differences?

7. Global Perspectives on Ecological Footprints
70 per cent of the world’s people has a footprint smaller than 1.89 (the amount available for each person)
The remaining 30 per cent consume about 90 per cent of the world’s ecological capacity.
The Kogi people believe they are responsible for looking after the “heart of the world” (mountains of northern Columbia)
Average Ecological Footprint by Region

8. Population Projections, 1950 – 2050
The Resource Gap
the gap between the resources the earth can supply and what people now consume presents a challenge
The world’s population is expected to grow by 2-5 billion but the earth’s resources are fixed
The UN, individuals and groups are promoting the idea of environmental stewardship (accepting responsibility for ensuring the earth’s resources remain sustainable
Population Projections, 1950 – 2050

9. IQ # 2 HOW ARE GLOBALIZATION AND SUSTAINABILITY RELATED ?
Where Ships are Built
The rise of global trade and a need to replace older ships has left shipbuilders struggling to keep up with demand
Shipbuilding has shifted from Europe and US to Asia – labour costs are lower in Asian countries such as South Korean, Japan and China
Shipyards make heavy demands on electricity and water supplies and generate large amounts of solid and toxic waste

10. Ships and the Environment
A single container creates as much pollution as 2000 diesel trucks
Ships carry millions of liters of seawater in their hulls as ballast – this water is pumped around to balance ship and is pumped out as ships are loaded and in as ships are unloaded
One study found that water (from Europe) pumped out in Canadian ports contained invasive species that cause problems in the Great Lakes
Some Countries Offering Flags of Convenience
Flags of Convenience
Many merchant ships operate under a flag of convenience (called flagging out)
Flagging out occurs when a ship is registered (and flies the flag of) in a different country than the ship’s owner
The advantages of flagging out include: lower costs for registrations fees; ease of registration; weak environmental and labour laws.
Environmental law in countries that offer flags of convenience are often less strict than rules in Europe and North America

11. Who benefits and who is harmed by the practice of flagging out?
Flags of Convenience
Who benefits and who is harmed by the practice of flagging out?

12. Who do you most agree with?
Disposing of Old Ships
When ships are years old, they become too expensive to maintain – are scrapped
Each year about 700 ships end up on the beaches of countries like Bangladesh
Shipbreaking is one of the most dangerous jobs in the world – lack of safety standards
Hazardous materials (asbestos, fuels) are released into the environment
IDEAS pg 270
Should all industries and governments be encouraged to adopt stricter environmental protection laws?
Who do you most agree with?
VOICES
“Although the problems might seem insurmountable, there are a number of practical measures that can be taken . . We need a global partnerships of ship owners, ship breakers, employers, trade unions and , or course, government inspectors who will see that these standards are enforced. This is yet again a test for globalization and decent work.” Paul Baileuy, shipbreaking expert for the International Labour Organization, 2006

13. Some Existing Controls on Shipbreaking

14. Alternative Energy Sources Wangari Maathai – Green Belt Movement
IQ # 3 HAVE EFFORTS TO PROMOTE SUSTAINABILITY BEEN SUCCESSFUL?
The sustainability of economic activities is a growing concern worldwide.
Environmentalists, governments, industries, and individuals are making efforts to improve the sustainability of many economic activities
Most Canadians support action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions that lead to climate change.
The Kyoto Protocol
Alberta Tar Sands
Alternative Energy Sources
Wangari Maathai – Green Belt Movement