1. Sponges and Cnidarians
By Tim Allen, Tim Kang, Niko Escanilla, and Paul Woo

2. Sponges Phylum = Porifera Scientific name = Calcareous sponge
Common Name = Yellow Calcareous Sponge

3. Sponges Phylum = Porifera Scientific name = Spongia officinalis
Common Name = Bath Sponge

4. Cnidarians Phylum = Cnidaria Scientific name = Physalia utriculus
Common Name = Bluebottle

5. Cnidarians Phylum = Cnidoria Scientific name = Octocorallia alcyonacea
Common Names = Red Sea Soft Coral

6. Evolution of Sponges
Sponges were one of the first animals living on Earth, dating back 730 million years ago.
Most are marine (9,000+ species)
They share some characteristics with living animals today.
Sponges are multicellular but are thought to have evolved from unicellular protists.
Multicellularity
If they are put through a fine mesh, they separate and then come back together to form a new sponge.
Various shapes, sizes, habitats, and colors
Sponges date back to the Precambrian era

8. Evolution of Cnidarians
One of the first animals fossils that were recognized were cnidarians
The first cnidarians were composed of soft tissue
The earliest Cnidarian fossil discovered is 580 million years of age

9. Symmetry of Sponges Sponges Asymmetrical Acoelomate
They lack symmetry
Acoelomate
Do NOT have a body cavity
Can also have radial symmetry
Pic from-

10. Body Plan of Sponges Vocabulary Sessile Choanocytes Ostia Osculum
Firmly attaching to surfaces and not moving
Choanocytes
Flagellated cells that are found on the interior of the sponge
Ostia
pores
Osculum
The opening at the top of a sponge

11. Symmetry and Body Cavity of Cnidarians
Has radial symmetry
A body plan that can be divided into similar halves by
passing a plane at any along a central axis
(this website is for the works cited for this radial symmetry pic)
Cnidarians have two tissue layers
Outer- epidermis
Inner- gastrodermis
In the center of the body is that gastrovascular cavity
a hollow gut

12. Body Plan of Cnidarians
Vocabulary
Medusa
Bell-Shaped
Specialized for
swimming
Polyp
Vase-Shaped
Specialized a sessile
existence
sessile existence
Being able to attach
firmly to a surface and
not move

13. Structural Support of Sponges
Some sponges are supported by spongin
Flexible protein fibers acting as a skeleton for support
Other sponges are supported by spicules
Small-needlelike made of silicate (silicon dioxide) or calcium carbonate

14. Structural Support of Cnidarians
The structural support in Cnidarians is Mesoglea
Jelly like substance provides structural support in water

15. Nutrition and Digestion of Sponges
Sessile, do not have the ability to pursue food
Filter Feed
Choanocytes beat flagellum, pumping water in through the ostia, pores
Sponges filter the food out of the water
Choanocytes trap the food in their small hair-like projections
Water leaves through osculum or mouth
Water/food IN
through ostia
Water-OUT
through osculum

16. Nutrition and Digestion of Cnidarians
Cnidocysts capture prey
Tentacles are used to capture food
Trigger triggers the nematocyst to be expelled
The nematocysts sting the prey the spine and trap food with the fillaments
Trap food with mucous found at mouth and tentacles

17. Transportation and Circulation of Sponges
During the premature stage
The larva moves by means of flagella until they find a place to attach to and thus begin their sessile stage
Sessile
During adulthood
Circulation:
A sponge has water flow in through its ostia and go out through its osculum

18. Transportation of Cnidarians
Many adult cnidarians are free-floating
In the larval stage, they are free swimmers
Larval stage- part of the life cycle of a cnidarian

19. Circulation of Cnidarians
No specialized systems found in cnidarians that aid in circulation
Circulation mainly achieved through diffusion

20. Respiration of Sponges
Does not have a respiratory system
Takes in water (H2O) through its pores
They have canals that move the water throughout the sponge

21. Respiration of Cnidarians
Goes through diffusion
There small body size allows oxygen to diffuse from water through their thick membrane
No respiratory structures are needed
Lungs, gills, etc.

22. Water Balance and Excretion in Sponges
Sponges beat the flagella of certain cells to pump water in and out of its osculum
Sponges have carbon dioxide and other wastes removed quite easily
The water moves it in and out through the pores

23. Water Balance and Excretion in Cnidarians
Maintain water balance by osmosis
Diffuse water through their tissue

24. Reproduction in Sponges
Sponges reproduce both asexually and sexually
Asexual reproduction- Budding internally and externally
The new sponges are similar to their parents

25. Reproduction in Cnidarians
Reproduce both asexually and sexually
Asexually- budding or binary fission
Binary fission- splitting a parent cell into two equal parts
Sexually- an asexual cnidarian reproduces
Produces an organism that can reproduce sexually
This leads to the variation in generations

26. A Sponges Nervous System
Sponges do not have a nervous system
Lack sensory cells and nerve cells

27. A Cnidarians Nervous System
Contains a nerve net
Has a network of nerve fibers
Able to communicate when overlapped
Not cephalized

28. Unique Facts about Sponges

29. Unique facts about Sponges
The largest sponge ever measured was a Monoraphus sponge
It was ten feet wide!!
In the Caribbean Sea, sponges can filter all of the water in one day!!
Within a sponge, it is possible to find 16,000 other animals!

30. Unique Facts about Cnidarians
Over 10,000 species
130 of those species recorded in Sydney Harbor
Group name Cnidarian comes from the word nettle
The body of the a Cnidarian is a sack with an opening, such as a medusa or a polyp

31. WORKS CITED
" Marriam-Webster Apr 2009
geo_time_graphic.gif." 7 Apr 2009
Bird, Jonathan. " ." 7 Apr 2009
" ." 7 Apr 2009
Postlethwait, John, and Janet Hopson. Modern Biology. Austin: A Harcourt Education Company, 2006.
"iod.ucsd.edu/~amanda/Files/lab5InvertsI.ppt." 7 Apr 2009

32. ERA PICK IS FROM