1. Wind, Climate, and Natural Environments
Holt People, Places, and Changes
4/19/2017
CHAPTER 3
Wind, Climate, and Natural Environments
Section 1: Winds and Ocean Currents
Section 2: Earth’s Climate and Vegetation
Section 3: Natural Environments
CHAPTER 3

2. Objectives: Section 1 Winds and Ocean Currents
How does the Sun’s energy change Earth?
Why are wind and ocean currents important?

3. The Sun’s Energy: Section 1 Winds and Ocean Currents
Affects weather and climate.
Maintains Earth’s energy balance by replacing energy lost into space.
Is stored in Earth’s atmosphere by the greenhouse effect.

4. Air pressure is the weight of the air
Section 1 Winds and Ocean Currents
Wind and currents:
Move heat energy by moving air and water
Keep different parts of the world from becoming too hot or too cold
Air pressure is the weight of the air
Warm air is lighter and rises and is replaced by cooler air
Air pressure changes with the weather and creates wind
Ocean currents move in the same general direction of the winds above them.

5. Objectives: Section 2 Earth’s Climate and Vegetation
What is included in the study of weather?
What are the major climate types, and what types of plants live in each?

6. The Study of Weather Section 2 Earth’s Climate and Vegetation
Weather is the atmospheric condition of an area over a short period of time.
Weather can describe temperature, amount of sunlight, air pressure, wind, humidity, clouds, and moisture.
Climate is the average weather in an area over a long period of time.

7. Major Climate types and their plant life
Section 2 Earth’s Climate and Vegetation
Major Climate types and their plant life
Low-Latitude: tropical rainforests; areas of grass with scattered trees and shrubs
Dry: a few drought resistant plants; grasslands, few trees
Middle-Latitude: scrub woodlands, grasslands; mixed forests; temperate evergreen forests
High Latitude: northern evergreen forests; moss, lichens, low shrubs, permafrost marshes
Highland: forest to tundra vegetation depending on elevation

8. Objectives: Section 3 Natural Environments
How do environments affect life, and how do they change?
What substances make up the different layers of soil?

9. Environmental Change and Life
Section 3 Natural Environments
Environmental Change and Life
Ecology is the study of connections among different forms of life
Photosynthesis
Food chain
Environmental conditions limit life in that area.
Plant and animal communities contribute to form ecosystems.
Plant succession—one group of plants gradually replaces another due to natural or human forces

10. Soil Layers Section 3 Natural Environments
Topsoil—humus, insects, plants
Subsoil—deep roots of certain plants and trees
Broken rock—gradually breaks down and add nutrients to the soil