1. We cannot stop climate change without changing our mobility.
First Thesis
We cannot stop climate change without changing our mobility.

2. Second Thesis Mobility is too cheap in Europe –
environmentally-friendly transport modes
are too expensive.
This is due to political will.

3. Third Thesis The EU is part of the solution:
Fair competition across transport modes
would enable sustainable transport modes
to exploit their competitiveness.

4. The EU' Targets for 2020 20% reduction of greenhouse gas missions
20% of EU’s energy from renewable resources
20% improvement of energy efficiency

5. Where We Stand Now Increase of CO2 -emissions
Weak connection between economy and ecology
Modal shift in the wrong direction: share of air and road transport increases, share of rail and waterway decreases
Unfair competition between different transport modes
Transport planning with wrong priorities („think big“)

6. CO2 Emissions by Sector (2008)
Transport counts for almost 30% oft CO2 emissions in the EU
Whereas ROAD transport has the biggest part oft all emissions ca 72 %. 6

7. Development CO2 Emissions Since 1990

8. Initial Situation
Cars per 1,000 inhabitants

9. Mandatory Rail Charge in Europe
Cars per 1,000 inhabitants
Especially member states without a highway toll system charge railway toll

10. Non-Mandatory Road Charge for Lorries
In Switserland: road charge for lorries is 4 times higher than in Germany
It applies to all streets and to all trucks above 3.5t
Increase of consumers' costs: merely 0.5%

11. International train traffic is taxed, international flights are not
Tax Disadvantages
International train traffic is taxed, international flights are not

12. Distorted Competition in the Air
No kerosene tax (14bn EUR subsidies per year)
No Value Added Tax on international flights (16bn EUR/year)
Weak integration in EU Emissions Trading Scheme (85% for free) and only since 2012
No charges on air corridors (with the exception of Siberia)
In case of delays: reimbursement after 3 hours 12

13. Priviliges for Maritime Transport
Inland navigation
No fuel taxation
Mostly no charges on waterways
Heavy investments despite existing excess capacities
Maritime transport
Using heavy oil (hazardous waste incinerator without filters)
Weak emission limits by International Maritime Organization
As of 2015: 0,1% in control zones (Baltic and North sea, English Channel)
As of 2020: 0,5% for all EU bodies of water
Not integrated into emission trading system 13

14. “The Future of our Mobility”
EU Commission
Commission 2011 White Paper on transport:
Until 2030: -20% CO2 emmissions compared to 2008
Until 2050: -60% compared to 1990
EU Parliament
Resolution on White Paper: -20% compared to 1990 by 2020! 14

15. How does this relate to urban mobility?
EU climate goals targets

16. Facts on Urban Mobility
By 2050, 84% of the EU population will live in cities
In cities, transport is responsible for:
40% of all CO2 emissions
70% of all emissions which are harmful to the climate
Most trips start or end in cities
By 2060, 30% of all EU citizens will be older than 60 years (today: 17%)

17. Less inhabitants, 26 times larger surface
Atlanta – Barcelona
Die Emission von Treibhausgasen aus dem Verkehr in Europa steigt absolut und prozentual.
Der CO2-Ausstoß hat von 1990 bis 2005 im Durchschnitt um gut zwei Prozent zugenommen.
Im Verkehrsbereich lag die Zunahme bis 2005 bei gut 26 Prozent, mittlerweile bei 35 Prozent.
Alle anderen Sektoren haben ihre Emissionen um 9,5 Prozent gesenkt.
Less inhabitants, 26 times larger surface 17

18. 30 km/h Speed Limit as a Rule!
Report of the European Parliament on European road safety (Rapporteur: Dieter-Lebrecht Koch)
The European Parliament
“54. Strongly recommends the responsible authorities to introduce speed limits of 30 km/h in residential areas and on all one-lane roads in urban areas which have no separate cycle lane, with a view to protecting vulnerable road users more effectively;”
Accepted by a large majority! 18

19. 30km/h Speed Limit: Clear Benefits
More safety…
Breaking distance: 14m instead of 28m
42% less accidents
Fatality risk: 10% instead of 80%
Higher acceptance
Enviroment and costs….
Emissions: -12%
Noise: -3db(A) = halving noise
Less road signs, more clarity
More life quality…
More space for children, pedestrians, cyclists and public transport
Less stress
Almost no loss of time…
Only sec. More per km
Berlin: average speed of cars at 19 km/h! 19

20. 30km/h Speed Limit: Progresses
European citizens' initiative: European Citizen's Initiative. Goal = 1 Million signatures by
Others led the way: Graz (AT), Pontevedra (ES), the French city network “Ville 30,” and Liverpool (UK)
New York City becomes “New Walk City” 20

21. Bicycles as an Alternative
Source: Cramer, M. (2006): Fahrradnutzung in Europa, page 2
90% of car journeys in cities are shorter than 6km
30% are shorter than 3km
10% are shorter than 1km!

22. More Cyclists – More Safety

23. Sustainable Use of Financial Resources?
Hungary is leading the way: it uses 2% of EU funding for cycling!

24. The Greens' Position on the Use of EU Transport Funding
40% (at least) for rail
20% (maximum) for road
15% (at least) for hiking & biking
Only the 40% goal found a majority in the European Parliament

25. Costly, Lengthy, and Useless
Big Projects:
Costly, Lengthy, and Useless
Brenner-Base-Tunnel
Lyon-Turin-Tunnel
Fehmarnbelt-Tunnel
Koralm-Tunnel
Semmering-Tunnel
Stuttgart 21

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27. Thank you very much for your attention!
Soft Mobility
2nd edition
Measures for a climate-friendly
transport policy in Europe
48 pages, 7 tables
und 15 images.
You can obtain the