1. 3-8-2015 Challenge the future Delft University of Technology Innovations in social housing: governance, funding and civil society participation Examples from Flanders, Germany, Ireland The Netherlands, UK & Switzerland. Gerard van Bortel, OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies

2. 2 Milan 5 March, IRER Social Housing Seminar | Structure 1.Background: from government to governance 2.Social housing provision: beyond state and market 1.England 2.Germany 3.Making the private rental sector more social Ireland Flanders (Belgium) 4.Financing social housing investments The Netherlands Switzerland

3. 3 Milan 5 March, IRER Social Housing Seminar | From government to governance State Market Public (often municipal) housing companies Public (often municipal) housing companies Arms Length Management Organizations (ALMO’s) Arms Length Management Organizations (ALMO’s) Housing Associations Housing Associations Private Investors England The Netherlands Germany Home owners England “Right to Buy” Germany Secondary sales The state is pulling out of affordable housing provision

4. 4 Milan 5 March, IRER Social Housing Seminar | Beyond state and market: community

5. 5 Milan 5 March, IRER Social Housing Seminar | Beyond state and market: residents and community Tenant driven supervision (England) Tenant Management Organizations (England) Self-organized resident organizations (Germany)

6. 6 Milan 5 March, IRER Social Housing Seminar | Tenant focused supervision in England Funding and Support in Community development Supervision and Funding in housing provision Supervision Funding and support in housing and community development OLD NEW

7. 7 Milan 5 March, IRER Social Housing Seminar | The National Conversation

8. 8 Milan 5 March, IRER Social Housing Seminar | Tenant Management Organizations (TMO) Right to Manage Regulation. Tenants of English council housing have the possibility to choose their own housing management organization. TMO’s need to demonstrate competence.

9. 9 Milan 5 March, IRER Social Housing Seminar | Socially motivated housing alternatives in Germany Social housing in Germany has changed dramatically due to privatisation New strands of innovative informal social housing driven by civil society Cooperatives / Resident organised building groups supported by regions (Länder), municipalities, value-orientated banks and third sector organisations Slowly filtering into main stream social housing

10. 10 Milan 5 March, IRER Social Housing Seminar | Socially motivated housing alternatives in Germany New initiatives better address changing housing needs: individualisation, create a mix of different social/economic households. Innovative Funding Strategies (affordable land and finance, information and support). Municipalities (e.g. Munich, Hamburg, Leipzig and Berlin) sell land, brown field locations or vacant inner city buildings at reduced prices if number of social housing targets are met. “Social Plot Management”

11. 11 Milan 5 March, IRER Social Housing Seminar | Affordable housing in the private rental market Many low income households are dependent on housing in the private rental sector Especially in countries with a small social rental sector Private landlords do not like to rent to households on welfare benefits Rent supplements can lead to cost inflation Quality of affordable private rental properties is often low Initiatives to expand affordable homes by making part of the private rental stock more ‘social’.

12. 12 Milan 5 March, IRER Social Housing Seminar | Source: Housing Europe, 2007. Cecodhas Affordable housing in the private rental market

13. 13 Milan 5 March, IRER Social Housing Seminar | Source: Housing Europe, 2007. Cedhocas Affordable housing in the private rental market

14. 14 Milan 5 March, IRER Social Housing Seminar | Affordable housing in the private rental market Social Rental Offices [Sociale Verhuur Kantoren] (Flanders) Rental Accommodation Scheme (RAS) (Ireland) Acquire rental homes from the private market These organizations are part of (or closely linked with) the local authorities Rents are often below market level, because Social Rental Offices are stabile tenants, provide support to their tenants and invest in the property. Remains a small initiative (5.000 in Ireland, 4.000 Flanders)

15. 15 Milan 5 March, IRER Social Housing Seminar | Housing Finance Key question: How to create a favourable access to capital markets for social housing investments with a minimum of government involvement? Examples: -The Netherlands -Switzerland

16. 16 Milan 5 March, IRER Social Housing Seminar | Housing Finance in The Netherlands Housing association Housing association Bank Social Housing Guarantee Fund (WSW) Social Housing Guarantee Fund (WSW) Guarantee by national and local governments Guarantee by national and local governments Triple A credit rating Contribution Loan Central Housing Fund (CFV) Central Housing Fund (CFV)

17. 17 Milan 5 March, IRER Social Housing Seminar | Housing Finance in Switzerland (also in NL) Share certificate Swiss Government Co-operative Secretariat Individual Investors BondsLoan Individual non-profit builders Subscription Guarantee Lanwson (2007); Bond Issuing Cooperative (FOH, 2006) Bond Issuing co-operatives

18. 18 Milan 5 March, IRER Social Housing Seminar | Thank you!