1. Introduction to Security
Chapter 13
Terrorism and Homeland Security Responsibilities

2. Security Professionals Responsibilities and Homeland Security
Knowing the enemy, who to look for and be vigilant
Taking all possible steps to prevent a terrorist attack
Preparing themselves and their agencies for an attack
Responding to an attack
Investigating the attack

3. Terrorism Defined According to the Terrorism Research Center:
“the use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives”

4. A Brief Chronology of Terrorism
: French Revolution revolutionaries used violence against enemies
1930s – Terrorist acts used by Hitler, Mussolini and Stalin
Late 1880s – 1990s – KKK
1978 – 1995 – Unabomber
Late 1980s – Animal Liberation Front

5. 3 Elements of Terrorism Criminal in Nature
Targets are typically symbolic
Terrorist actions are always aggressive and often violent

6. A Brief Chronology of Terrorism
1995 – Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building bombed by Timothy McVeigh & Terry Nichols
1998 – 2 U.S. embassies in East Africa bombed
10/12/2000 – USS Cole attacked in Yemen
9/11/2001 – World Trade Center and Pentagon attacked by terrorists using hijacked airliners

7. Who does what?
FBI – the lead agency for responding to acts of domestic terrorism
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) – the lead agency for consequence management after an attack

8. USA PATRIOT Act Singed into law by President Bush on October 26, 2001
Gives police the unprecedented ability to seize, search, detain or eavesdrop in their pursuit of terrorists
Expands the FBI’s wiretapping and electronic surveillance authority
Establishes new punishments for possessing biological weapons

9. Asymmetric War
A war in which a much weaker opponent takes on a stronger opponent by refusing to confront the stronger opponent head on
The weaker opponent chooses battles where the stronger one does not expect to be hit.
Police and government agencies are the most common targets.

10. World Wide Terrorist Targets

11. Classification of Terrorist Acts
Domestic Terrorism
International Terrorism

12. Classification of Terrorist Acts
Domestic Terrorism
Based in this country
White supremacists
Black supremacists
Militia groups
Pro-life groups
Animal rights activists
Environmental extremists

13. Classification of Terrorist Acts
International Terrorism
Foreign based – 3 categories
Foreign state sponsored (Iraq, Libya)
Formalized terrorist groups (al Qaeda, Hamas)
Loosely affiliated radical extremists – least organized, but largely unknown, leaving them free to travel

14. Indicators of Terrorism
Following is a lengthy list of possible indicators of possible terrorists
It is important to note that these are only possible indicators and do not constitute proof in and of themselves.
They apply to both foreign and domestic terrorists.

15. Indicators of Terrorism
Possession of fake/altered IDs
Multiple identification in different names
Possession of IDs with dramatically different photos of the same person
anti-American, anti-Jewish, or anti- “anything” material
Residence in several states in the last few years

16. Indicators of Terrorism
Taken multiple trips out of the country or out of state in the last few years
Possession of videos/photos of public places and/or buildings
Taken flying lessons
Extreme interest in martial arts
Repeated use of public Internet access points to avoid tracing

17. Indicators of Terrorism
Possession of phone cards
Possession of large amounts of cash
Renting first floor apartments (easy escape)
Using inexpensive motels (less security)
Don’t allow maids to clean the room when they are not present

18. Indicators of Terrorism
No apparent means of legitimate income
Display of racial/terrorist symbols
Recent shaving of head and body hair

19. Methods Used by Terrorists
Arson
Explosives
Bombs
Suspicious packages
Suicide bombers
Weapons of Mass Destruction
Biological agents
Chemical agents
Nuclear
Technology

20. Likeliness of Methods Used by Terrorists

21. Impact of Terrorist Weapons

22. Preventing Terrorism
Security officers should stay alert for routine crimes/activities which may also be terrorism red flags
Watch for thefts/sales of certain chemicals: bleach, riot control sprays, chlorine, ammonium nitrate, etc.

23. Preventing Terrorism National Infrastructure Protection Plan (NIPP)
Provides a collaborative, coordinated approach between the private sector and all facets of government
Includes agriculture and food, banking and finance, chemical, communications, dams, drinking water and water treatment, energy and other critical areas.

24. Goals of the Department of Homeland Security
Increase our ability to keep bad people out of the country
Keep bad things out of the country
Protect our infrastructure better
Continue to build a response capability with modern computer tools
Promote Intelligence Gathering
Fusion centers

25. Fusion Centers
42 fusion centers are located throughout the country in 37 states.
These manage the flow of information and intelligence across all levels and sectors of government and private industry.

26. Responding to Terrorist Attacks
First responders, most likely local police, firefighters and security officers are the first line of defense against terrorists.
These first responders must have interoperability in order to operate effectively.

27. Concerns related to the War on Terrorism
Civil liberties may be jeopardized
People of Middle Eastern descent may be discriminated against or become victims of hate crimes.