1. 3.3 Metals

2. Metals on the Periodic Table
Most metals are found to the left of the zigzag line on the periodic table

3. Physical Properties
Describe a metal.

4. Physical Properties Most are hard Most are shiny Malleable Ductile
can be pounded into shapes
Ductile
can be pulled out or drawn into a long wire
Good Conductions
Transmit heat and electricity easily
Magnetic
High Melting Point-most are solid at room temperature

5. Chemical Properties Metals show a wide range of chemical properties
Some are very reactive such as sodium and potassium. They will react if exposed to air or water so they must be stored under oil in sealed containers.
Other are unreactive such as gold and chromium. Gold is valued because its rare and it stays shiny because it does not react with the air. Chromium is plated on outdoor objects because it does not react with air or water.
Other elements fall inbetween gold and sodium in terms of reactivity. Iron will turn to rust if left to react with air and water. The rust can then wear away and flake off. The process of reaction and wearing away is called corrosion.

6. Alloys Alloy-a mixture of metals
Useful alloys combine the best properties of two or more metals into a single substance
Example: Copper is fairly soft and malleable. But if you mix it with tin, it forms bronze which can be cast into statues that last hundreds of years.
Brass=Copper+Zinc
Stainless steel=Iron+carbon+cromium+v anadium (iron rust easily, stainless steel is used to make silverware)

7. Alkali Metals Group 1, 1 valence electron
They are the most reactive metals
They are never found uncombined in nature (they are never found as elements, only as compounds)
Alkali metals are very soft and shiny-so soft you could cut them with a plastic knife
They are so reactive because they have only one valence electron. This is easily transferred to other atoms during a chemical change
The two most important alkali metals are sodium and potassium-your diet includes lots of both
Lithium compounds are used in batteries and some medicines

8. Alkaline Earth Metals Group 2, 2 valence electrons
Still highly reactive
Never found uncombined in nature
Fairly hard
Bright white
Good conductors of electricity
The two most common are:
magnesium (once used in flash bulbs because gives off bright light when burned, combines with aluminum to make strong lightweight alloy used for ladders and airplane parts)
calcium (essential part of teeth, bones and muscles).

9. Transition Metals Group 3-12
Form a bridge between the very reactive metals on the left and the less reactive metals and other elements on the right
Very similar to each other, differences hard to detect
Familiar transition metals are: iron, copper, nickel, silver, gold
Hard, shiny
Some have unusual colors
Good conductors of electricity
Stable, slow to react with air and water

10. Metals in Mixed Groups
Groups include metals, nonmetals and metalloids
Not very reactive metals in these groups
Popular metals in these groups:
Aluminum-used to make beverage cans and airplane bodies
Tin- coats steel to protect it from corrosion in cans of food
Lead-auto batteries (previously used in paint and pipes, but found to be poisonous)

11. Lanthanides and Actinides
At the bottom of the periodic table are the lanthanides (top row) and actinides (bottom row)
These are called the rare earth elements
Lanthanides are soft, malleable, shiny metals with high conductivity. They are used in industry to make various alloys. Lanthanides are found combined together in nature. They are difficult to separate because they are all so similar
Of the actinides, only thorium and uranium exist on Earth in any significant amounts. Uranium is used to produce energy in nuclear power plants. All the elements after uranium were created artificially in labs.

12. Vocabulary Malleable Ductile Conductor Magnetic Corrosion Alkali metal
Alkaline earth metal
Transition metal
Lanthanide
actinide

13. Questions List four properties of most metals
Compare metals on the left side of the periodic table to metals on the right.
Describe three different types of metals