1. Next Generation Science Standards, Common Core State Standards, & Scientific Argumentation

2. Development of New Science Standards:
Step 1: Development of Framework for K-12 Science Education
National Academy of Sciences
National Research Council
Released Final Framework (July 2011)
(Committee of 18 members)
Practicing Scientists
Science Education Researchers
Science Education Standards and Policy Experts

3. Development of New Science Standards:
Step 2: Development of Next Generation Science Standards
Managed by Achieve (Education reform Non-Profit Organization)
26 States (including NY) will lead development of the new standards
from the Framework.
3) Final Standards are expected to be released by the end of 2012.

4. Science Framework has 3 Dimensions:
Dimension 1: Scientific Practices
Asking questions and defining problems
Developing and using models
Planning and carrying out investigations
Analyzing and interpreting data
Using mathematics and computational thinking
Constructing explanations and designing solutions
Engaging in argument from evidence
Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information

5. Science Framework has 3 Dimensions:
Dimension 2: Crosscutting Concepts
Have applications across all domains of science:
Patterns
Cause and Effect
Scale, Proportion, and Quantity
Systems and System Models
Energy and Matter
Structure and Function
Stability and Change

6. Science Framework has 3 Dimensions:
Dimension 3: Disciplinary Core Ideas (Content)
Domain: Physical Science
Matter And Its Interactions
Motion And Stability: Forces and Interactions
Energy
Waves And Their Applications in Technology For Information
Transfer
Core Ideas

7. Science Framework has 3 Dimensions:
Dimension 3: Disciplinary Core Ideas (Content)
Domain: Life Sciences
From Molecules To Organisms: Structures And Processes
Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, And Dynamics
Heredity: Inheritance And Variations Of Traits
Biological Evolution: Unity And Diversity
Core Ideas

8. Science Framework has 3 Dimensions:
Dimension 3: Disciplinary Core Ideas (Content)
Domain: Earth And Space Sciences
Earth’s Place In The Universe
Earth’s Systems
Earth And Human Activity
Core Ideas

9. Science Framework has 3 Dimensions:
Dimension 3: Disciplinary Core Ideas (Content)
Domain: Engineering, Technology, And Applications of Science
Engineering Design
Links Among Engineering, Technology, Science, And Society
Core Ideas

10. Focus On Dimension 1 (Practices):
Engaging In Argument From Evidence
Obtaining, Evaluating, And Communicating Information
These Scientific Practices are not only emphasized in the
Science Framework, but are also emphasized in the Common Core
State Standards.

11. Common Core State Standards: ELA
College And Career Readiness Anchor Standards For Reading:
Read closely to determine what the text says explicitly and to make logical
inferences; cite specific textual evidence when writing or speaking to support
conclusions drawn from the text.
College And Career Readiness Anchor Standards For Writing:
Write arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or
texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence.
College And Career Readiness Anchor Standards For Speaking And Listening:
Present information, findings, and supporting evidence such that listeners
can follow the line of reasoning and the organization, development, and
style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience.

12. How Can We Integrate These Ideas Into Our Classrooms?

13. Data vs. Evidence: Data Evidence
The size of each seed
The mass of the seed
The type of seed.
The type of paper towel.
The number of seeds that germinated.
Data
Evidence
Data are the information and measurements from an investigation.
Evidence is a particular subset of data an investigator uses to support or refute a claim.

14. Claims and Evidence: Reasoning Claims Evidence
A claim is an assertion or conclusion that attempts to answer the original
question.
The claim needs to be supported by evidence. **A statement without evidence
is only an opinion!
The claim can then be defended via oral presentations or written arguments.

15. Concluding Remarks:
Not only is it important for teachers to provide students opportunities to conduct
scientific investigations, but teachers must also provide students opportunities to
defend/argue their conclusions/claims by utilizing evidence from the experiment.
Educators should modify their existing inquiry labs into a format that allows
students to develop precise claims supported by evidence and defend their
claims in oral or written arguments to their peers.