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Published byMelanie Richardson Modified over 9 years ago
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Comparing Adjectives
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3 Degrees of Adjectives! Positive: long, high, strong Comparative: longer, higher, stronger Superlative: longest, highest, strongest
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How to make comparatives Add –ior for M/F, add –ius for N longior, longius: longer altior, altius: higher fortior, fortius: stronger
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How to make superlatives Add –issimus Longissimus: longest Altissimus: highest Fortissimus: strongest
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There are always…exceptions Adjectives that end in –er form their superlatives by adding –RIMUS instead of – issimus celer, celeris, celere CELERRIMUS acer, acris, acre ACERRIMUS
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One more exception! The adjectives similis, dissimilis, facilis, difficilis, gracilis, and humilis add –LIMUS instead of –issimus for the superlative similis, simile: SIMILLIMUS (most similar)
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Declining Adjectives See page 95 of your handout for how adjectives decline. Comparative adjectives –ior and –ius decline like 3 rd declension nouns. Superlative adjectives –issimus, -issima, -issimum decline like 1 st and 2 nd declension nouns.
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Using Comparatives in Latin The man is stronger than the boy. Vir est fortior quam puer. Comparative + quam…the 2 nd noun being compared is in the same case as the 1 st noun. Vir est fortior puero. Comparative + ablative… no “quam” is used, just put the 2 nd noun in the ablative case. This is called the “ablative of comparison.”
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Irregular Adjectives English has irregular adjectives: Good, better, best NOT good, gooder, goodest Latin has irregular adjectives, too!
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Irregular Adjectives bonus, -a, -um melior, melius optimus, -a, -um English derivatives: – ameliorate – optimist good better best
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Irregular Adjectives malus, -a, -um peior, peius pessimus, -a, -um English derivatives: – pejorative – pessimist bad worse worst
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Irregular Adjectives magnus, -a, -um maior, maius maximus, -a, -um Engish derivatives: – major – maximum big, great bigger, greater biggest, greatest
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Irregular Adjectives parvus, -a, -um minor, minus minimus, -a, -um English derivatives: – minor – minimum small smaller smallest
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Irregular Adjectives multus, -a, -um plus (nom.), pluris (gen.) + genitive noun plurimus much, many more most, very many
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How “Plus” Works Plus is a neuter noun. It takes a genitive. More food = plus cibi (lit., “more of food”) More money = plus pecuniae (lit., “more of money”)
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