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Published byEgbert Thomas Modified over 9 years ago
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Islam Current Population: 1.2 Billion Location: Most reside in the countries that make up the Middle East
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Origins Founded by Muhammad (570 BC) Muhammad was an Arab Trader who was instructed by the Angel Gabriel to “proclaim” the word of GOD.
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Origins Forced to flee Mecca to Medina- had not converted many people Hejira Migration of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina Turning point in Islam Marked the expansion of Islam- gained many converts
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Origins Muhammad Returns: 630 AD returns to Mecca with a large following Destroyed images of other gods Mecca becomes the holy site for all Muslims
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Origins Death of Muhammad 632AD Spread Islam across the Arabian Peninsula and brought most of the region under his control
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Famous Writing Koran (Qu’ran) Holy book of the Muslims Contains the revelations of Muhammad
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Places of Worship: Mosques Mecca- most famous place to worship
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Religious Leaders: Caliph- ultimate religious leader of the Muslims No clergy- Islamic scholar classes (ulama and imam) may conduct ceremonies)
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Beliefs Jihad: (holy war)- God will reward you if you die fighting for Islam Some see this as the sixth pillar
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The Family Extended families Polygamy- men were allowed to have more than one wife Women- treated differently depending on the region Islam says that men and women are created equal before Allah ○ Allowed to inherit property ○ Manage a business ○ Get divorced Over time their rights have weakened Men asserted greater control ○ Women lived in secluded sections of the house called the haram- where men can not enter
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Veiling- became a custom in many areas ○ Forced women to cover themselves in a dark veil with exception of the eyes ○ Not allowed to look directly into a man’s eyes
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Women were expected to do all housework Marriages were usually arranged
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Beliefs and Islamic Law and Government: Sharia Governs all aspects of life Based on the teachings of the Koran Religion is a way of life and the law Regulates moral conducts, family life, business practices and government decisions Punishment is similar to the Code of Hammurabi (Eye for an Eye) ○ are often swift and severe
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Government Traditionally ruled by a king or emperor Territory subdivided into regions called caliphates Rulers were called a caliph
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Division of Islam: Sunni: any proper Muslim could become a caliph majority of Muslims today Shiite: only descendents of Muhammad could become caliph Iran is the only modern nation where Shiites rule
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