1. Taxonomy Definition Binomial Nomenclature Strains Genus
Specific epithet
Strains

2. Classification
Heirarchy
Tools – Dichotomous Key

3. 5 Kingdom Classification
Whittaker
4 Eukaryotic Kingdoms
1 Prokaryotic Kingdom, now revised
(not detailed enough)

4. Kingdom Protista Single celled, no cell wall Chemoheterotrophic
Some may photosynthesize (Algae)
Environmental and pathogens

5. Kingdom Fungi Single and multi-celled Chemoheterotrophs
Chitin in cell wall
Spore formers
Many pathogens and decomposers

6. Kingdom Plantae Multicellular Photoautotrophs
Metabolites may be used medicinally
Cellulose in cell wall

7. Kingdom Animalia Multicellular Chemoheterotrophs No cell walls
Develop from zygotes
Parasites and vectors

8. 3 Domain Classification
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya

9. Bacteria Prokaryotic size and cell features Peptidoglycan in cell wall
70S ribosomes
Membrane lipids like Euks.
No histones

10. Archaeans Prokaryotic size and cell features
No Peptidoglycan in cell wall
80S ribosomes
Membrane lipid differences
Histone-like proteins
Methanogens, halophiles, thermophiles

11. Evolution
“Tree” versus “Shrub” suggests a community of ancestral cells
Lateral gene transfer
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
? Additional gene sequences

12. Virus Classification No Kingdoms Classification characteristics
Nucleic acid
Morphology
All pathogens

13. Taxonomic Methods Numerical Taxonomy Genetic Homology
Computerized comparison of many genetic characteristics
Genetic Homology
DNA/RNA sequencing
Protein sequencing
PAGE

14. Taxonomic Methods
Ribosomal gene sequencing
Immunology
Phage typing

15. Bacterial Taxonomy Classification Identification
Total metabolic and structural detail
Reference for new organisms
Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology
Identification
Taxonomic key approach
Reference for rapidly determining an unknown (e.g. diagnostic work)
Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology