1. Web-based Class Project on Ground Improvement Report prepared as part of course CEE 542: Soil and Site Improvement Winter 2014 Semester Instructor: Professor Dimitrios Zekkos Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Michigan Deep Soil Mixing for Retention of Excavations Prepared by: Alex WilletsStefano Bruni With the Support of:

2. More Information More detailed technical information on this project can be found at: http://www.geoengineer.org/education/web-based-class-projects/select- topics-in-ground-improvement

3. Deep Soil Mixing for Retention of Excavations

4. Overview Concepts of DSM and SMW Compile and analyze 4 case studies Present findings Analyze trends

5. Overview DMM In situ improvement Technique based on: 1.Geometry 2.Type and state of binder 3.Method of mixing

6. Overview Synthesis High performance demands Equipment/Method of injection Design concerns Structural Support/Reinforcement State and properties of stabilizers Success and Quality Control

7. Background Info Other wall types Slurry Wall Sheet Pile Wall Lagging Wall Secant Wall

8. Lake Parkway Milwaukee Case Study #1:

9. Project Overview 1000 m long I-794 Extension Minimize seepage/provide Retention 75 year design life Depths 12-18 m Site conditions Sand, silt, stiff clay Water table depths 1m

10. Design and Construction Staged Construction Structural Support Soldier beams RC wall Studs Tiebacks/walers High w/c slurry

11. Results and Quality Control

12. PennDOT Excavation Case Study #2:

13. Project Overview State route 54 tunnel underpass Historic Mansions 1m from wall Limit Noise and Vibration Depths 6.7- 9.4 m Site Conditions Dense sands, gravels, silts Water table at depth

14. Design and Construction Complicated design models continuous wall, sheet pile wall, segmental wall Structural Support W18x40 Soldier beams Pre-stressed horizontal braces Soldier Pile anchorage

15. Results and Quality Control Settlement was below 10 mm 6 mm post-construction lateral movement 3.8 MPa UCS from sampling

16. Case Study #3: Boston Central Artery Bird Island Flats (BIF) Google

17. Bird Island Flats (BIF) McGinn and O’Rourke, 2000

18. BIF Plan View O’Rourke and O’Donnell, 1997a

19. East Wall Soil Profile McGinn and O’Rourke, 2000

20. Ground Displacements McGinn and O’Rourke, 2000

21. East Wall Base Stabilization McGinn and O’Rourke, 2000

22. Reinforcing Buttress McGinn and O’Rourke, 2000

23. BIF West Wall O’Rourke and O’Donnell, 1997b

24. West Wall Soil Profile McGinn and O’Rourke, 2000

25. West Wall Base Stabilization McGinn and O’Rourke, 2000

26. West Wall Excavation Performance O’Rourke and O’Donnell, 1997b

27. West Wall Excavation Performance O’Rourke and O’Donnell, 1997b

28. Deep Rotational Stability O’Rourke and O’Donnell, 1997b

29. Case Study #4: Museum of Fine Arts (MFA) Boston Addition Foster and Partners

30. MFA Boston Addition Google

31. MFA Boston Addition Weatherby and Zywicki, 2012

32. MFA Soil Profile Weatherby and Zywicki, 2012

33. Structural SMW Weatherby and Zywicki, 2012

34. Conclusions Performance demands Design concerns Lateral movement Settlement Rotational Instability Structural support/reinforcement Proper construction